Confirmations scientifiques 12
EA) Billy Meier affirme que nous serons un jour capables d'exploiter l'énergie des trous noirs.
There comes a time when, with the weakening of the Sun's nuclear fusions, enormous changes will take place in the SOL system. Not only will the entire gravitational field be out of control and change, but large scale climate change will also be the order of the day. This is spurring scientists on to peak performance, because they want to counteract the negative effects of the sun, which, in contrast to erroneous scientific assumptions, appear much earlier over many millennia than previously assumed. Only now it is recognized correctly that the sun is a dying star and thus the setting of the SOL system is already determined, even if the sun will continue to exist still approximately 4.1 billion years, however then already as dead star, which is swallowed then after this time by a black hole and is destroyed. So the scientists begin to perform at their best – and find the miscalculations underlying the pi number. By correcting and now correctly calculating the pi number, the scientists and the incredibly sophisticated technology will be able to harness unimaginable energies for Earth, by making it possible for them to derive energies from black holes in the wide area of the Milky Way and make them usable for Earth. At this time, however, scientists will still not be able to reach the centre of our galaxy to tap into the black hole there.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_251
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Ceci n'est pas une corroboration mais une tentative d'explication :
EB) Billy Meier affirme que les ETs (Plejaren) vivent à peu près 1000 ans et que nous mêmes atteindrons cette longévité progressivement par corrections génétiques.
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Êtes-vous prêt à vivre 1000 ans ?
C’est le pari que s’est lancé Guilhem Velvé Casquillas, docteur en physique et fondateur de la société Elvesys, un laboratoire de recherche dédié à la compréhension et la lutte contre le vieillissement. Une quête à la fois scientifique et philosophique qui porte un nom : le longévisme.
Vous dites que le vieillissement devrait être traité comme une maladie à part. C’est-à-dire ?
Guilhem Velvé Casquillas : C’est une maladie qui touche tout le monde, est multicausale, est inscrite dans nos gênes et que nous n’avons jusqu’à présent jamais pu traiter. Or, 99 % des programmes de recherches en santé s’attachent à traiter les conséquences du vieillissement et non ses causes. Notre but est justement de traiter les 9 causes identifiées du vieillissement. Et on commence à avoir les outils pour cela, comme des thérapies cellulaires ou des thérapies géniques comme CRISPR-Cas9. Il est important de les traiter toutes en même temps, sinon on ne peut pas améliorer significativement l'espérance de vie humaine. Par exemple, même si on arrivait à guérir tous les cancers de l’humanité, l’augmentation de l’espérance de vie humaine ne serait que de 2,5 années.
Quand sera-t-il possible de contrer les causes du vieillissement ?
G. V. C. : Cela pourrait prendre plusieurs décennies. Dans ce cas, ce sont nos enfants et nos petits-enfants qui pourront en bénéficier. En revanche, s’il y a une prise de conscience plus rapide, nous pourrons peut-être en profiter et atteindre la vitesse d’échappement du vieillissement. C’est-à-dire gagner des années d'espérance de vie supplémentaires au fur et à mesure. Jusqu’à atteindre une espérance de vie de 100, 120 ou 150 ans en bonne santé. À peu de choses près, quand on dépasse 150 ans, une barrière saute et on peut viser une espérance de vie de 1000 ans. Un pays comme la Chine pourrait aller plus vite car il est beaucoup plus simple de traiter directement les embryons, et elle est très libérale sur cette question. Donc je pense que la personne qui aura le plus de chance de vivre 1000 sera un jeune chinois qui naîtra dans les quarante prochaines années.
Une espérance de vie de 1000 ans… n’est-ce pas de la science-fiction ?
G. V. C. : On considère que le jour où un individu dépassera les 150 ans, c’est qu’on aura probablement réussi à traiter toutes les causes du vieillissement. On retrouvera alors le taux de mortalité d’un homme de 20 ans. À cet âge, on a très peu de risques de mourir d’Alzheimer, d’un infarctus ou d’un cancer, du moins lorsque l’on a un code génétique dit classique. Concrètement, dans l’année de vos 20 ans, vous avez une chance sur 1000 de mourir. Ce qui signifie que, s’il n’y avait pas le vieillissement, l’espérance de vie moyenne serait de 1000 ans. Après, on pourrait toujours mourir avant, mais ce serait à cause d’un accident, d’une maladie infectieuse ou d’une maladie rare…
...
https://www.ladn.eu/media-mutants/club-landoy/longevisme-mouvement-vivre-1000-ans/
January 9, 2020
Biologists identify pathways that extend lifespan by 500%
Scientists at the MDI Biological Laboratory, in collaboration with scientists from the Buck Institute for Research on Aging in Novato, Calif., and Nanjing University in China, have identified synergistic cellular pathways for longevity that amplify lifespan fivefold in C. elegans, a nematode worm used as a model in aging research.
The increase in lifespan would be the equivalent of a human living for 400 or 500 years, according to one of the scientists.
The research draws on the discovery of two major pathways governing aging in C. elegans, which is a popular model in aging research because it shares many of its genes with humans and because its short lifespan of only three to four weeks allows scientists to quickly assess the effects of genetic and environmental interventions to extend healthy lifespan.
Because these pathways are "conserved," meaning that they have been passed down to humans through evolution, they have been the subject of intensive research. A number of drugs that extend healthy lifespan by altering these pathways are now under development. The discovery of the synergistic effect opens the door to even more effective anti-aging therapies.
The new research uses a double mutant in which the insulin signaling (IIS) and TOR pathways have been genetically altered. Because alteration of the IIS pathways yields a 100 percent increase in lifespan and alteration of the TOR pathway yields a 30 percent increase, the double mutant would be expected to live 130 percent longer. But instead, its lifespan was amplified by 500 percent.
...
https://phys.org/news/2020-01-biological-scientists-pathways-lifespan.html
EC) Billy Meier affirme depuis longtemps que l'un des meilleurs exercices est la marche.
Billy:
Since we’re already talking about unnatural things: how does it stand with jogging and “Nordic Walking” or as such is called, with which two sticks become used by the hands? You once said that this is extremely harmful to the body and its organs.
Ptaah:
Jogging and “Nordic Walking” are likewise harmful to health because through these unreasonable sports, the skeleton and its joints are strongly impaired and damaged, as when great exertions are made, the body’s organs and particularly all functions of the heart can be damaged, but also the lungs, the spleen, and the kidneys. But this likewise happens in other kinds of sports, such as in soccer, in various forms of snow and ice sports, as well as in cycling and all sorts of extreme sports. Overall, all types of sports are wrong for the physical training of the body if these go beyond the scope of what is normal. Described as normal is everything that doesn’t belong to extremism, fanaticism, or exaggeration, and it is to be respected that even in normal sports, no excesses take place through larger exertions.
Billy
Thus, the slogan also applies to sports, that “too much is unhealthy.” But what is to be understood by “normal sport?” And what daily exercise does a person need? What about walking?
Ptaah
Normal-paced walks of 20 to 30 minutes a day are fully sufficient for the necessary physical exercise. If no walks are possible, then extensive gymnastic exercises for the same length of time are sufficient. Of course, walks or gymnastic exercises can be freely extended even longer, but they should always remain within the framework of what is reasonable and what is consistent with the condition of the skeleton and the constitution of the body. Special exertions are not necessary, but to the contrary, these can cause injury to the body, to its organs, its skeleton, and its joints, and this can be insidiously and quickly irreparable.
Billy
Thus, every extreme sport is completely wrong and is to be rejected.
Ptaah
With regard to all kinds of extreme sports, the stupid and mistaken opinion prevails with the Earth person that the person has to confirm himself through these, by going to the limits of his abilities and strengths. This fallacy also corresponds to a paranoid form, as this also appears with the beauty craze, and inferiority complexes coupled with stupidity and foolishness are also here.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_371
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La chaise qui tue
10'000 pas par jour, c’est la recommandation de l'OMS, pourtant en Suisse 1/3 de la population ne respecte pas cette prescription. Et les sédentaires mettent gravement leur santé en péril. "Qui sait que 35 maladies chroniques sont favorisées par le temps passé assis et l’inactivité physique. Pire, la sédentarité augmente le risque de cancer de 25%. Une nouvelle pathologie est même apparue : la E-phlébite qui peut se compliquer en E-embolie pulmonaire, qui ne sont dues qu'au temps passé assis devant un ordinateur.
Pourtant les recommandations sont unanimes : le 1 traitement contre l’hypertension artérielle, contre le diabète de type 2, contre l’obésité, contre les dépressions légères à modérée c'est l’activité physique avant tout. Le meilleur traitement préventif de la maladie d’Alzheimer c’est la marche. Les neurologues disent que la nourriture du cerveau, c’est l’activité physique, on ne le disait pas il y a 7 ans", c’est ce que rappelle le Dr François Carré, pionnier de la sédentarité.
Marcher est complètement gratuit, facile, cela requiert peu d’efforts et bénéficie non seulement à ton bien-être physique, mais aussi mental. Si tu recherches une manière simple, et pourtant efficace de perdre du poids et d’améliorer ta santé générale, marcher est tout à fait pour toi.
Les personnes qui sont physiquement actives au cours de leur vie sont beaucoup moins sujettes à cette maladie que celles qui ont un mode de vie sédentaire. Et c’est parce qu’elles ont un plus gros volume dans leur hippocampe, la partie du cerveau qui est responsable de la mémoire verbale et de l’apprentissage.
Une demi-heure quotidienne de marche aide à éviter de sérieux problèmes, tels que des maladies coronariennes par exemple, en réduisant la pression artérielle et les niveaux de cholestérol, et en améliorant la circulation sanguine. Grâce à une respiration de meilleure qualité et plus profonde, certains symptômes en relation avec les maladies pulmonaires peuvent indiquer une amélioration signifiante grâce à la marche.
La tonification des muscles et la perte de poids sont aussi complètement réalisables grâce à la marche. Trouve ton rythme optimal, mais sans faire un footing non plus. Ce type de marche rapide a un impact faible et ne demande pas beaucoup de temps de récupération, ce qui veut dire que tu n’auras probablement pas de douleur musculaire, et donc aucun risque de rater ta routine d’exercices le jour suivant à cause des courbatures.
La Fondation de l’Arthrite recommande de faire au moins 30 minutes de marche modérée par jour afin de réduire les douleurs, la rigidité et l’inflammation dans les articulations. Avoir des os résistants t’aidera à prévenir l’ostéoporose et réduire la perte osseuse. Marcher contribue à améliorer la circulation sanguine dans la moelle épinière, en injectant des nutriments importants dans les tissus doux et en améliorant la posture et la souplesse, ce qui est vital pour une colonne vertébrale en bonne santé.
Un groupe de chercheurs de l’Université d’Etat de l’Iowa a travaillé avec des centaines d’étudiants universitaires. Marcher a amélioré leur humeur, sans que personne ne les prévienne.
Si tu n’es toujours pas motivé pour commencer à marcher pour améliorer ta santé, essaie de t’inscrire à une classe ou de trouver un compagnon qui aimerait bien recevoir tous les bienfaits de la marche. Une autre idée pourrait être d’embaucher un entraîneur personnel.
ED) (Complément à l'article sur Sodome et Gomorrhe https://billymeiertraductionsfr.blogspot.com/2018/10/confirmations-scientifiques-8.html )
Billy Meier donne les raisons de la destruction de Sodome et Gomorrhe dans le contact 215 daté du 28 février 1987 traduit en anglais en 2010. Il cite notamment la chute d'une météorite qui a explosé au-dessus des deux cités, provoquant un tremblement de terre, des projections de soufre suite à une activité volcanique qui s'est réveillée. La destruction fut parachevée par deux bombes atomiques envoyées par Jehovah - un ET - selon Billy Meier.
Billy
Aha. And since we’re already talking about down there: what was up with Sodom and Gomorrah; what actually happened there – how were these two cities destroyed?
Quetzal
117. Several factors are to be mentioned:
118. On the one hand, a meteorite fell to the Earth and exploded high over the area of the two cities, which would now actually be designated as larger villages.
119. This led to devastating destructions of both cities, triggering a massive earthquake, by which the earth was torn open – like in Petra – and by underground volcanic activity, small and larger chunks of sulfur were flung high and across the country, which also naturally caused much disaster, and by this – as also by the exploding meteorite – many people were killed.
120. The remaining part of the total destruction was caused by the megalomaniac and crazy God of the Hebrews, an extraterrestrial who had his headquarters deep under the pyramid of Giza.
121. His punishment for the disobedience of the population of Sodom and Gomorrah against his commands was that he let two small atom bombs ignite over the two cities, which finally leveled everything to the ground, killing all humans and animals.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_215
Note : si nous ne disposons pas de la preuve que le contact a bien été tenu en 1987, il n'est pas difficile de constater que le texte a été imprimé au moins avant 2004 (ISBN oblige) :
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/File:Plejadisch-plejarische_Kontaktberichte_Block_5,_2004_-_CR_182_to_229.pdf
Note : ce qui va suivre peut paraître complètement incroyable ou choquant et nous laissons les lecteurs se faire leur idée dessus.
Dans la perspective présentée par Billy Meier, les dieux sont des humains plus avancés. Ainsi dans l'un des premiers contacts, Semjase présente Jehovah comme un mauvais dieu. Il aurait "achevé" la destruction de Sodome et Gomorrhe avec des bombes atomiques. Elle en dresse même le portrait.
On peut cependant supporter ce point de vue "logiquement". En effet, les écrits parlent de "feu éternel". De plus cela explique le "trouble dissociatif d'identité" entre le "Dieu vengeur" de l'ancien testament et "celui qui sauve" dans le nouveau.
http://www.theyfly.com/Regarding_Jehovah.html
Que le feu soit éternel ne signifie pas pour autant qu'il ne s'éteindra jamais. Jude au verset 7 emploie la même expression à propos de la destruction de Sodome et Gomorrhe, "Sodome et Gomorrhe et les villes voisines, qui se livrèrent comme eux à l'impudicité et à des vices contre nature, sont données en exemple, subissant la peine d'un feu éternel."
De toute évidence, Sodome ne brûle plus aujourd'hui. Ces anciennes cités sont ensevelies sous la Mer Morte. Pourtant, elles ont été anéanties par un «feu éternel», et on nous dit que cela devait nous servir d'exemple. Lequel? "S'il a condamné à la destruction et réduit en cendres les villes de Sodome et de Gomorrhe, les donnant comme exemple aux impies à venir" (2 Pierrre 2:6)
C'est ça! Le feu éternel qui a réduit Sodome en cendres sert d'exemple au sort final des méchants. Si ce texte est vrai, un feu semblable à celui qui a détruit Sodome et Gomorrhe servira à brûler les méchants dans l'étang de feu. Ce sera un feu éternel. Les méchants seront-ils aussi réduits en cendres? La Bible l'affirme. "Car voici, le jour vient, Ardent comme une fournaise. Tous les hautains et tous les méchants seront comme du chaume; Le jour qui vient les embrasera, Dit l'Éternel des armées, Il ne leur laissera ni racine ni rameau. Mais pour vous qui craignez mon nom, se lèvera Le soleil de la justice, Et la guérison sera sous ses ailes; Vous sortirez, et vous sauterez comme les veaux d'une étable, Et vous foulerez les méchants, Car ils seront comme de la cendre Sous la plante de vos pieds, Au jour que je prépare, Dit l'Éternel des armées. (Malachi 4:1-3)
https://www.amazingfacts.org/media-library/book/e/10517/t/le-feu-de-l-enfer---une-tentative-d-elucider-une-vision-deformee-de-la-verite#Le-feu-de-l-enfer-ne-br%C3%BBle-pas-sans-fin
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Albert Lin est toujours à la recherche d'explications concernant la disparition de Sodome et Gomorrhe. Après le soufre, il suit cette fois-ci la piste menant à une météorite, grâce à des drones haute-définition. Une théorie qui confirme divers éléments du texte biblique.
Le soufre à l'état solide à l'origine de la disparition de Sodome et Gomorrhe ?
Le soufre est un fléau destructeur dans les récits bibliques. L'explorateur Albert Lin va découvrir cet élément, dans cette région de Jordanie où on ne le trouve qu'à l'état solide, qui serait à l'origine de la destruction des villes de Sodome et Gomorrhe.
Un cratère météoritique découvert au sud-est de Sodome ?
au sud-est du site de Sodome, une particularité géologique intrigue l'explorateur Albert Lin et les scientifiques qui l'accompagnent. Est-ce la preuve concrète d'un impact météoritique, à l'origine de la disparition de la ville ?
A l’appui de cette hypothèse, la découverte d’agglomérations de l’Age du Bronze ancien (entre 3300 et 2100 avant l’ère chrétienne), dont certaines étaient fortifiées, et d’une imposante nécropole. Mais aussi des traces paléobotaniques : les populations locales – évaluées à quelques milliers d’âmes - cultivaient de l’orge, du blé, du raisin, des figues, du lin, ou encore, en plus petites quantités, des pois et des pois chiches. Ils entretenaient également des palmeraies et des oliveraies. Ni cette agriculture, ni cette horticulture ne sont concevables dans les conditions géographiques actuelles. Il faut donc croire que la catastrophe qui a mis fin à la présence humaine sédentaire dans ce secteur s’est accompagnée d’une catastrophe écologique, analogue à la « destruction de la végétation du sol » rapportée par la Genèse.
En fait, l’équipe Rast-Schaub a discerné deux destructions consécutives : des dommages importants, mais réversibles, comme ceux qui surviennent au cours d’une guerre ; puis une destruction totale, qui aurait pu être provoquée par un séisme, une éruption volcanique ou un phénomène de combustion généralisée d’origine minérale. Cela correspond au récit biblique qui fait état, quelques années avant la « pluie de soufre et de feu », d’une sorte de « guerre mondiale » opposant quatre envahisseurs venus de Mésopotamie aux cinq rois locaux (Genèse, XIV). Les batailles principales se déroulent dans une « vallée de Siddim », qui présente deux particularités selon l’Ecriture : elle correspond à la future mer Morte, et elle abonde en « puits de bitume ».
Deux géologues israéliens, Arié Gilat et Alexander Vol, ont publié en 2015 un scénario selon lequel ces puits seraient la cause directe de la « pluie céleste ». Ils estiment que la vallée de Siddim était en fait sujette à un phénomène relativement mal étudié jusqu’à une époque récente : les « volcans de boue », c’est à dire des bouillonnements de matières diverses qui percent le sol et forment des cônes de petite dimension.
Ces quasi-volcans, qui n’émettent ni lave ni magma, sont fréquents dans les fonds marins ou dans des régions émergées riches en pétrole ou gaz naturel. Ils peuvent donner lieu à des éruptions extrêmement violentes, accompagnées de glissements de terrains, de tsunamis et de jets de matière incandescente qui retombent en « pluie ». Un événement de ce type semble avoir dévasté la région de l’actuelle mer Morte quelque 1400 ans avant l’ère chrétienne et en avoir modifié la minéralogie de manière irréversible. Gilat et Vol notent cependant que ses traces sont visibles sur les deux rives de la mer : rien ne permettrait donc de localiser Sodome à Bab edh-Dhra plutôt qu’à proximité de Har Sedom.
La deuxième hypothèse jordanienne nous mène au nord de la mer Morte : à l’endroit où le Jourdain vient se perdre dans le lac salé. Une autre équipe américaine y travaille, sous la direction de Steven Collins et de Phillip Silvia, depuis 2006. Elle a publié ses premières conclusions en 2015. Elle vient de présenter, à la conférence annuelle des Ecoles orientalistes américaines qui s’est tenue en novembre dernier à Denver, un état plus complet de ses recherches.
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Reste à déterminer la cause de la catastrophe. Collins et Silvia estiment, à partir d’une analyse minéralogique minutieuse, qu’il s’est agi de la combustion instantanée d’une météorite de grande taille à la verticale de Sodome. Les débris de poterie de Tel al-Hammam – un nom qu’on peut éventuellement traduire par « la colline de la Combustion » - ont été quasiment vitrifiés, ce qui suppose une brève exposition à une température intense, entre 4000 et 12 000 degrés centigrades. Et par ailleurs, la région est restée inhabitée pendant six cents ou sept cents ans après la destruction de l’ensemble urbain : ce qui aurait été inévitable si le sol avait été rendu impropre à l’agriculture.
The Destruction of Sodom, par Phillip J. Silvia. TSU Press, Albuquerque, 2016.
https://www.michelgurfinkiel.com/articles/711-A-la-recherche-de-Sodome-et-Gomorrhe.html
An exploding meteor may have wiped out ancient Dead Sea communities
Archaeologists at a site in what's now Jordan have found evidence of a cosmic calamity
BY BRUCE BOWER 10:00AM, NOVEMBER 20, 2018
Magazine issue: Vol. 194, No. 12, December 22, 2018, p. 10
DENVER — A superheated blast from the skies obliterated cities and farming settlements north of the Dead Sea around 3,700 years ago, preliminary findings suggest.
Radiocarbon dating and unearthed minerals that instantly crystallized at high temperatures indicate that a massive airburst caused by a meteor that exploded in the atmosphere instantaneously destroyed civilization in a 25-kilometer-wide circular plain called Middle Ghor, said archaeologist Phillip Silvia. The event also pushed a bubbling brine of Dead Sea salts over once-fertile farm land, Silvia and his colleagues suspect.
People did not return to the region for 600 to 700 years, said Silvia, of Trinity Southwest University in Albuquerque. He reported these findings at the annual meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research on November 17.
Excavations at five large Middle Ghor sites, in what’s now Jordan, indicate that all were continuously occupied for at least 2,500 years until a sudden, collective collapse toward the end of the Bronze Age. Ground surveys have located 120 additional, smaller settlements in the region that the researchers suspect were also exposed to extreme, collapse-inducing heat and wind. An estimated 40,000 to 65,000 people inhabited Middle Ghor when the cosmic calamity hit, Silvia said.
The most comprehensive evidence of destruction caused by a low-altitude meteor explosion comes from the Bronze Age city of Tall el-Hammam, where a team that includes Silvia has been excavating for the last 13 years. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the mud-brick walls of nearly all structures suddenly disappeared around 3,700 years ago, leaving only stone foundations.
What’s more, the outer layers of many pieces of pottery from same time period show signs of having melted into glass. Zircon crystals in those glassy coats formed within one second at extremely high temperatures, perhaps as hot as the surface of the sun, Silvia said.
High-force winds created tiny, spherical mineral grains that apparently rained down on Tall el-Hammam, he said. The research team has identified these minuscule bits of rock on pottery fragments at the site.
Examples exist of exploding space rocks that have wreaked havoc on Earth (SN: 5/13/17, p. 12). An apparent meteor blast over a sparsely populated Siberian region in 1908, known as the Tunguska event, killed no one but flattened 2,000 square kilometers of forest. And a meteor explosion over Chelyabinsk, Russia, in 2013 injured more than 1,600 people, mainly due to broken glass from windows that were blown out.
P.J. Silvia et al. The 3.7kaBP Middle Ghor event: catastrophic termination of a Bronze Age civilization. American Schools of Oriental Research annual meeting, Denver, November 17, 2018.
Il est intéressant de noter que l'un des principaux chercheurs Stevens Collins essaie de prouver la véracité de la bible en étudiant le site. il relève que (42e minute) qu'il y a eu quasiment un changement climatique local après la destruction des villes ce qui correspondraient à la disparition de la vie pendant plusieurs siècles. Mais il n'a certainement pas pensé à l'hypothèse ET, étant lui-même "croyant".
EE) Billy Meier écrit depuis des décennies que l'on pourrait créer de nouvelles formes vivantes.
Ainsi dans l'un des premiers contacts (Contact 6) :
63. Present stage of the average Earth-human **** 6) Primary recognition of the real reality. Stage of knowledge-based development. Research, first spiritual cognitions and their use: "spiritual healing”, telepathy, etc. etc.
64. 7) Primary development of knowledge and essence of wisdom.
65. 3. Intellect-based life 1) High-level development of the intellect. High technology, second use of spiritual power with first cognitions. Primary procreation of life forms.
Et dans le Contact 251:
“Discoveries and inventions in the field of gene technology or genetic manipulation, respectively, will continue, for events must unfold – contrary to the desires of the foes of genetic manipulation who even now persist in ranting and raving against it. The time is no longer that remote when, through genetic manipulations, plants and animals will be successfully cross-bred, and totally new life forms created.”
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‘Neither robot nor animal’: Scientists develop the ‘Xenobots,’ 1st robots constructed completely from LIVING CELLS (VIDEO)
Scientists in the US claim to have created zombie robots from reanimated frog cells, giving rise to a living organism never seen or created before which can perform important tasks while healing itself.
These millimeter-wide “xenobots” were designed on a supercomputer using an evolutionary algorithm to create thousands of candidate designs. The winning designs can propel themselves toward a target and deliver a payload, and can also heal themselves when torn apart.
The xenobots are constructed using stem cells harvested from the embryos of African frogs, the species Xenopus laevis, and could theoretically perform tasks ranging from highly-targeted medicine delivery inside the human body, to toxic waste clean-up after a spill or radioactive disaster, or even gathering microplastics floating in the Earth’s oceans.
“These are novel living machines,” says Joshua Bongard, a computer scientist and robotics expert at the University of Vermont who co-led the new research.“They’re neither a traditional robot nor a known species of animal. It’s a new class of artifact: a living, programmable organism.”
The xenobots are fully biodegradable, powered by lipids and proteins and live for just seven days before reverting to dead skin cells. Frog skin cells form the structure, and the contractions of the amphibian heart cells provide the power to propel the xenobots.
While the team acknowledges that there may be unintended consequences from developing such technology, such as the development of highly-targeted bioweapons, they argue that it is just another step toward cracking the “morphogenetic code,” which they believe governs how all living organisms in the universe are organized. If we could decipher this ‘code,’ it might lead to a giant leap forward in a vast array of fields, including environmental and medical research.
https://www.rt.com/news/478203-first-robots-built-living-cells/
Meet the xenobot: world's first living, self-healing robots created from frog stem cells
(CNN)Scientists have created the world's first living, self-healing robots using stem cells from frogs.
Named xenobots after the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) from which they take their stem cells, the machines are less than a millimeter (0.04 inches) wide -- small enough to travel inside human bodies. They can walk and swim, survive for weeks without food, and work together in groups.
These are "entirely new life-forms," said the University of Vermont, which conducted the research with Tufts University's Allen Discovery Center.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. The researchers scraped living stem cells from frog embryos, and left them to incubate. Then, the cells were cut and reshaped into specific "body forms" designed by a supercomputer -- forms "never seen in nature," according to a news release from the University of Vermont.
The cells then began to work on their own -- skin cells bonded to form structure, while pulsing heart muscle cells allowed the robot to move on its own. Xenobots even have self-healing capabilities; when the scientists sliced into one robot, it healed by itself and kept moving.
"These are novel living machines," said Joshua Bongard, one of the lead researchers at the University of Vermont, in the news release. "They're neither a traditional robot nor a known species of animal. It's a new class of artifact: a living, programmable organism."
Xenobots don't look like traditional robots -- they have no shiny gears or robotic arms. Instead, they look more like a tiny blob of moving pink flesh. The researchers say this is deliberate -- this "biological machine" can achieve things typical robots of steel and plastic cannot.
https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/13/us/living-robot-stem-cells-intl-hnk-scli-scn/index.html
EF) Billy Meier parle des problèmes dentaires et comment remplacer des dents abimées dans le contact 223 et insiste sur l'intérêt des technologies génétiques pour résoudre ces problèmes :
Billy
Concerning which, our dear scientists still maintain that these do not exist. But now a question in reference to teeth: how is it, actually, with you, when teeth are damaged or are no longer available? And what about dental care and dental hygiene of a personal form?
Quetzal
66. We maintain our teeth by sound waves, as this is known to you from your own practical knowledge and your own experience, which is why it seems illogical to me that you ask your question.
67. Evidently, another reason behind this is to be sought than just your interest?
Billy:
Now once from my side, even as Semjase sometimes took it from you: that is correct, for I was asked if you couldn’t give an official answer.
Quetzal:
68. I understand.
69. Thus, I have answered the one question for you, while the following has to be said to the others:
70. Our teeth as well as dental care and dental hygiene are such that the first teeth, which, to my knowledge, you call milk teeth, independently cease their functions and fall out, like with the Earth people.
71. The second renewable teeth are preserved in the best possible way through authoritative cleaning and through healthy and vigorous care.
72. If these become damaged for some reason, which is extremely rare, then the corresponding teeth are removed in a completely painless manner, after which they grow again independently, which traces back to a genetically engineered process that is given through heredity.
73. Repairing defective teeth isn’t recommended because often through the materials used for this, more harm than good results, as this is the case with the Earth person, who still uses repair technology that is extremely insufficient, which is why in this respect, among other things, also the need for genetic research exists, which will become a major talking point in the coming time, mainly through the irrational ones who will turn against genetic research and against the application of gene technology in many ways.
74. Nevertheless, as irresponsible as their relevant actions will be against the important and indispensable genetic progress, they won’t be able to think about this in their shortsightedness.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_223
-------------------->
No More Fake Teeth: Stem Cell Dental Implants Grow New Teeth In 2 Months
Scientists never cease to amaze us with their new inventions. Dentures and implants may be a thing of the past as scientists can now grow new teeth in a patient’s mouth.
Tooth loss is an issue that many people will face at some point in their lifetime. According to Underground Health Reporter, by the age of 75, around 26 percent of adults have lost nearly all of their permanent teeth.
And that’s when dentures have their fair share of issues. But they come with a lot of burdens on their own— they make it difficult for the wearers to eat and speak normally. Dental implants can also fail and have no ability to “remodel” because the surrounding jaw bone changes with age.
Health issues associated with dental implants include nerve damage, infection at the implant site, sinus problems, and injury or damage to the surrounding structures.
According to Dentistry IQ:
“Despite being the preferred treatment for missing teeth today, dental implants can fail and have no ability to “remodel” with the surrounding jaw bone, which undergoes necessary and inevitable changes throughout a person’s life.”
PopularScience adds:
“Although dental implants are available, the healing process can take months on end, and implants that fail to align with the ever-growing jawbone tend to fall out. If only adult teeth could be regenerated, right?”
“According to a study published in the latest Journal of Dental Research, a new tissue regeneration technique may allow people to simply regrow a new set of pearly whites.”
Luckily, scientists have come up with a more natural and comfortable solution to replace missing teeth by regrowing the tooth in the patient’s mouth.
At his Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. Jeremy Mao and his team are now able to induce the body’s stem cells to develop a tooth based on a three-dimensional scaffold made of natural materials.
The results? A better-fit, natural tooth that grows in as little as nine weeks.
According to Dr. Mao, the approach (which eliminates the need to grow teeth in a Petri dish) is a more cost-effective one “for patients who cannot afford or who aren’t good candidates for dental implants.”
As reported by Columbia University Medical Center, this approach to regrow teeth ‘factor in the faster recovery time and the comparatively natural process of regrowth (as opposed to implantation), and you have a massively appealing dental treatment.’
A new tooth developed using stem cells can also adapt and move with the mouth, preventing discomfort and more severe issues later on. It’s also healthier and more comfortable.
This gives the approach distinct advantages over implants and dentures, making it an excellent development in the field of dentistry.
https://trendings.net/no-more-fake-teeth-stem-cell-dental-implants-grow-new-teeth-in-2-months/f8w3e2g
Growing back entire teeth
The holy grail for dental researchers is the ability to regrow an entire missing tooth. Sharpe has done this in mice, but doing the same in humans raises ethical and legal concerns. It would involve the creation of a so-called tooth primordium (a tooth in its earliest stage of development) and implanting it in the jaw where the missing tooth had been. To create a tooth primordium, it’s necessary to harvest stem cells from human embryos — which bumps up against U.S. law.
“Embryos have the only cells we know of that can make a tooth,” Sharpe says. “Our adult mouths don’t make teeth. These cells are no longer present.”
But if regrowing entire teeth is impractical now, scientists believe they will make it happen one day. “We need to find another way which doesn’t involve cells from embryos,” Sharpe says. “That’s going to take a lot of research and more time. I believe it can happen, but it’s not going to be in the next few years.”
https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/next-revolution-dental-care-about-begin-ncna837706#anchor-Growingbackentireteeth
Concerns of a Pediatric Dentist in Dental Stem Cells: An Overview.
Popuri SK1.
Stem cell biology has become an essential part of regenerative medicine and dentistry. The fact of availability of these stem cells among various dental tissues has doubled the researcher's enthusiasm in the recent years due to fewer ethical constraints and minimally invasive nature. Stem cells from deciduous tooth among the dental stem cells are the ones obtained with least or no trauma. To date, enormous research has been reported on dental stem cells. The purpose of this review is to focus only on certain aspects of dental stem cells that are important to the specialty of pedodontics. Thus, a detailed emphasis is given on stem cells obtained from human deciduous teeth including their harvesting and storage techniques.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30288183
Dental Stem Cells: Current research and future applications.
Campanella V1.
The literature on "dental stem cells" from 2002 to 2009 is composed of 936 works, mainly basic research articles, 159 reviews, 1 clinical study and only 6 case reports concerning endodontics and periodontology. After the year 2009 (1) the interest on this research topic has increased leading to 5177 new articles, including 757 reviews on different stem cell types, biomaterials and the possibility of "banking". The 46 clinical trials published in the last 9 years are clinical applications in periodontics and endodontics. However, still no definitive clinical guidelines are available (2,3). Regenerative therapy in endodontics, through the use of dental stem cells, is still an open question (4). The idea of healing the pulp instead of treating it by means of a conventional endodontic therapy is fascinating, but the current experimental protocol is limited to immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, which are a minority of endodontic treatments. Since 2005, with the first stem cell bank (Hiroshima University "Three Brackets") (5), attention has also been paid to the creation of private or university centres where it is possible to preserve autologous dental stem cells. In particular, due to the ease and natural availability, the interest is directed to SHED, Stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (6). SHED are easy to collect, have excellent differentiation potential and, most importantly, are more cost-effective if compared with umbilical cord cells (5). For these reasons in 2008 the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and the University of Bergen started to collect and store the exfoliated teeth of 100,000 children. To date there are several collection centres in the northern emisphere: USA (Bioeden, Stem Save, Store a Tooth), Europe (Bergen, Future Health), India (Stemade biotech), Japan (Teeth Bank, Advanced Center of Tissue Engineering, Hiroshima University and Nogoya University), Taipai (Taipai Medical University), and recently China (National Dental Stem Cells Bank) (7). Dental stem cells are readily and easily available and are a promising resource not just in dentistry but for regenerative medicine in general (8). This is confirmed by the literature, since 25% of papers on stem cells involve the study and dissemination of research on dental tissues-derived stem cells. Currently there are only a few registered clinical trials for stem cell applications in dentistry and the results are still unavailable. To date, there are no dental treatments involving harvested stem cells but this is definitely an emerging science that might lead to important outcomes in the future.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30567439
EG) Billy affirme que l'homme se féminise en occident. De plus, la façon de prononcer les mots aurait changé et que tout cela a des effets négatifs voire dangereux.
Billy
Your answer matches my assumptions. In my opinion, this is tantamount to a degeneration of consciousness and ethics. In general, it seems to me that many things in the world are degenerating more and more, especially man. Such observations of degeneration can also be made with animals. For example, when I look at birds in my aviary or in the wild, I notice that they change slowly but surely. The males become more female and the females more male. For me, this results from the fact that the males increasingly take over the breeding business and neglect their duty as defenders of the nest, while the females take less care of the hatchery, but defend the nest and clutches. I also made similar observations in other animal species, but also in humans in a very special way. The men of the genus Homo sapiens are becoming ever softer, more feminine and more feminine, and carry out distinct female tasks such as house husband and diaper moth etc., while the women become more masculine and dominant and push into powerful positions, often appearing as emancipations and the men stomping into the ground. It seems to me that this is not only a very damned evil spirit of the time, which causes this change in humans and animals, but there must still be something behind it, which probably must be very dangerous. Also in the language enormous changes occur, because for more than three years I make the frightening statement that our German and also the Swiss German language is ruined by the fact that suddenly in the spoken sentences many words are wrongly stressed. A phenomenon that has found its way into all social classes and is spreading more and more. If, for example, a sentence says: "Something must be done against this language falsification evil", then the word 'must' or the word 'done' is no longer emphasized, but the final word 'become', which results in a completely idiotic emphasis. What might be the reason for all this?
Men in name only: New study shows testosterone levels in American males are dropping dramatically. Why would that be?
Alarming discoveries
Testosterone truly is the male hormone. It is what turns boys into men—upon puberty the testes drastically upregulate their production of it, triggering secondary sexual characteristics. These include the growth of muscle and bone, a deeper voice and the sprouting of body hair. Without testosterone, one suspects there would be a lot of noodle-armed, squeaky-voiced man-babies stalking the streets, perhaps in the vein of a Michael Jackson (rumoured to have been on hormone-blockers since childhood) or even a young Jeff Bezos (until he allegedly started pumping himself full of replacement testosterone).
But a new study published this month in the Journal of Sexual Medicine has found that testosterone is in crisis, at least when it comes to American Millennials and Gen Z-ers. Men’s testosterone is supposed to decline naturally with age, but this study, which was presented last October to the Sexual Medicine Society of North America, showed a shocking decline in the levels of cohorts of young American men throughout since 1999. The authors tested the serum testosterone (total amount of testosterone present in the blood) of 4,045 men aged between 15 and 39—making sure to control for confounding factors such as age, race, and level of physical activity—and still the results were unmistakable. In fact, they have been slashed by over one-quarter in the last two decades.
This is hardly surprising news. Data showing how sperm counts have fallen has been widely reported in recent years. Since the testes produce both testosterone and sperm cells, it is probable that the causes overlap partially or entirely. Laptops too close to the crotch, anyone?
Could the dratted men’s rights activists be right after all?
Men’s rights activists, easily dismissed with that devilishly vague slur ‘conspiracy theorist’, warn of endocrine disruptors in the food supply, and xenoestrogens in the water. Identifying the cause, for now, is a bit like playing bingo for diagnosing modern-day malaise. The ubiquity of internet pornography? The decimation of manual labor among the working classes? Soy-based baby foods? Since studying the effects of any one of these things would never be funded for study by the educational-industrial complex, it is impossible to know how they might tie in.
The poor diets and sedentary lifestyles that many young Americans enjoy are certain to be among the major contributing factors, but that cannot explain all of the downturn. This is because the study authors also controlled for overweightness, a known enemy of testosterone, by looking at the decline in only those young men who had healthy BMIs. Even these men saw their testosterone scores drop by over one-fifth.
ALSO ON RT.COM
Role over: Crisis of masculinity leaves no place for men in a progressive society
The feminization of society is an interesting hypothesis, although difficult or impossible to study (even if it were not politically incorrect). Could the entry of women into previous male-dominated workplaces have actually affected their endocrinology? Over the long-term and on a vast scale, it is perfectly plausible. Whereas once American workplaces were crucibles of masculine competition, worshipping a single God—real-world business success—and ruthlessly capitalistic in their incentive structure, now they are anything but. Even the private sector is strangulated by sprawling human resources departments holding bosses to ransom over innocuous jokes, and thereby incentivizing mediocrity and absolute subservience as a career trajectory. It is easy to see how the natural aggressive juices of men who have been defanged and declawed at work (to say nothing of their home lives) could be staunched.
Why America?
Americans are getting it in the neck here, but are things even any different in other agribusiness-run hyper-feminized societies like, for instance, Western Europe? Here’s anxiously awaiting a similar study. It would be interesting if the authors next looked at American men’s levels of the female hormone estrogen, as well as American women’s levels of testosterone. Could both have increased? Women have only a fraction of the amount of testosterone as men do coursing through their blood, but any overproduction can lead to quite obvious changes, such as excess body hair and a deeper voice.
Make no mistake though, this is very bad news. Not only is low testosterone deficiency linked to a range of negative health outcomes, it is even associated with a higher risk of death—not to mention fertility. One who didn’t know better might say that plummeting testosterone levels are at once the cause of and a perfect metaphor for an existential crisis in American masculinity.
Low serum testosterone and mortality in older men.
Laughlin GA1, Barrett-Connor E, Bergstrom J.
Author information
Abstract
CONTEXT:
Declining testosterone levels in elderly men are thought to underlie many of the symptoms and diseases of aging; however, studies demonstrating associations of low testosterone with clinical outcomes are few.
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study was to examine the association of endogenous testosterone levels with mortality in older community-dwelling men.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
This was a prospective, population-based study of 794 men, aged 50-91 (median 73.6) yr who had serum testosterone measurements at baseline (1984-1987) and were followed for mortality through July 2004.
EH) Dans la prophétie d'Hénoch, (et dans d'autres prophéties), Billy Meier parle de maladies inconnues qui apparaîtraient sporadiquement :
232. De même, une épidémie connue sous le nom d'Ebola provoquera de nombreux décès, ainsi que d'autres épidémies et maladies inconnues qui sporadiquement surgiront dans des proportions épidémiques et seront nouvelles pour l'être humain, et provoqueront une grande inquiétude.
Mais plus étonnant encore :
Dans le contact 251, Il est prévu qu'une maladie des poumons se répandrait par la faute de la Chine, où des armes biologiques sont développées et des agents pathogènes sont relâchées de façon imprudente.
A lung disease will also break out in humans through the guilt of China, where bioweapons are being researched and a carelessness is releasing pathogens.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_251
Ce contact daté du 3 février 1995 a été publié dans les recueils de contacts en allemand en 2005 :
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/File:Plejadisch-plejarische_Kontaktberichte_Block_7,_2005_-_CR_240_to_260.pdf
Dans le contact 341, Billy (ou Quetzal) fait allusion au contact 251 en apportant des précisions insistant sur le fait que le SRAS est un virus qui provient des laboratoires chinois.
Billy |
Then another question regarding SARS: Is this the disease Ptaah was talking about on the 3rd of February 1995? |
Quetzal |
28. That is correct. |
Billy |
And do you know what the origin of this disease is and where it comes from? |
Quetzal |
29. Yes, we have clarified these matters. |
30. The fact is, which will of course be vehemently denied by China, that this lung disease was caused by experiments in a secret laboratory for biological weapons in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong. |
31. The pathogen is a corona virus mutation that was released in a laboratory accident and transmitted to humans. |
Billy |
The newspapers are talking about a plague and epidemic. Does this term correspond to what the disease is? |
Quetzal |
32. No, it cannot be spoken of a plague or an epidemic, because for the time being, despite the virus mutation, it is an actual disease. |
33. However, there is a risk that the disease can quickly become uncontrollable and spread if rapid and containment measures are not taken. |
34. If this does not happen, there is little that can be done to counteract the disease. |
35. The whole situation is made worse by global tourism and trade in goods, which can spread the disease worldwide. |
Billy |
It will probably have dire consequences and become a disaster if nothing decisive is done and if a drug is not soon found that can cure the disease or be effective as a vaccine. |
Quetzal |
36. There is a very good chance that the whole thing will take on bad forms or end quickly. |
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_341
On notera dans la prophétie d'Hénoch (Contact 215) la Chine est mentionnée car elle peut potentiellement attaquer l'Inde avec des armes biologiques :
244. Et la Chine devient dangereuse, spécialement à l'égard de l'Inde, comme aussi à cette époque la Chine entretient des relations difficiles avec elle.
245. La Chine va attaquer l'Inde; et si des armes biologiques sont utilisées, environ 30 millions d'êtres humains seront tués dans la zone et autour de New Delhi seule.
246. Toutefois, ce ne sera pas encore la fin - parce que l'effet de bombes et de missiles, etc., biologiques utilisés ne peut être contrôlé à cette époque, et de terribles épidémies inconnues jusqu'à ce moment-là surviendront et se propageront rapidement dans de nombreuses régions.
http://billymeiertraductionsfr.blogspot.com/2018/12/la-prophetie-dhenoch-offerte-par.html
On pourra aussi noter que Billy Meier a dénoncé les crimes commis par les Japonais (unité 731 sous l'égide du scientifique Shiro Iishi) pendant la seconde guerre mondiale à l'égard de prisonniers de guerre et au cours d'expérimentations sur des centaines de milliers de Chinois, ainsi que d'autres pays.
https://billymeier.wordpress.com/2014/06/10/why-outbreaks-of-disease-start-in-southern-china-dont-read-if-you-just-ate/
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_219
Enfin, dans un récent contact (692), Billy mentionne une conversation privée où il parle d'un plan des élites pour supprimer une partie de la population en cas de surpopulation, en délivrant des agents bactériologiques ciblés en fonction de l'ADN des populations. Cette probabilité augmenterait au fur et à mesure que la population augmenterait :
Billy
... For years we speak time and time again in private wise about future things, as I in overt wise also have recently done concerning my probability calculations. Which we now however have currently privately discussed, which we have indeed consciously thus held, in order to not predict things, which with the human beings of the earth can arouse anxiety. Now I have however nine days ago but revealed some things with my probability calculations, precisely what itself in the future can come to pass, like precisely also in regard to bioweapons and bio-plagues as well as artificially caused diseases and epidemic/plagues, about which we have privately indeed also already frequently talked. In the course of this came to the speech also the swine fever, Ebola plague and SARS plague, i.e., pandemic, etc. In accordance with your explanations these plagues were not expressly consciously created, as contrarily is maintained by conspiracy theoreticians, but rather they were through the food of wild-life meat and also through close contacts, excrement and injuries of and by wild-life in the form of viruses transmitted to human beings, and indeed this is occurred through bats, etc., as this is the case, e.g., in regard to the various kinds of the swine fever and Ebola. In this wise also many others disease of animals, insects, amphibians, birds, reptiles and diverse other life forms are transmitted to the human beings, whereby disease-causing bacteria and viruses mutated and adapted themselves to the human beings. With one of the discussions you had in accordance with the 598th contact-discussion of 4 October 2014, 'Pleiadian-Plejaren Contact Reports', Block 14, page 10 said the following:
Ptaah
Thereto I can explain the following to you: The Ebola virus was transmitted by animals to human beings, as also the HIV. With the HIV the small 'green monkeys' (species of monkey) were the carriers of the virus, and with the Ebola virus the first infection sources were bats, flying foxes and monkeys. From the Ebola virus comes out of the so-called viral hemorrhagic Ebola fever, connected with internal and external bleedings. Ebola came about through consuming of wild animal meat and the contact with animals, which were infected with the Ebola virus which is also moreover thus. Also a transmission from human being to human being is possible, whereby for an infection the body contact as well as the direct contact with the blood or other body fluids of an Ebola sick or the deceased human being is sufficient. Also the plague can be transmitted over short distances through the air and thus will infect human beings, as also a sweat perspiration can suffice for infection, when a human being comes in contact with it. Also certain biting insects can under certain circumstances transmit the Ebola virus, as also diverse smaller and larger kinds of animal and other creatures, etc., if these are infected with the Ebola virus. Furthermore the Ebola virus can be left on things of all kinds, thus, e.g., on dishes, door handles, toilets and on other things, whereby the viruses can survive and work infecting up to two months.
On the other hand, thus you have also explained, created plagues e.g. SARS also through imprudent laboratory experiments, whereby itself 'vermin', i.e., viruses released. And precisely therewith, even with laboratory experiments, I would like to make the point, which I have in my probability calculations under point 1 among other things in the following wise addressed:
“These future world-mighty elite ones will know no compassion and carry out an annihilation of humankind, which could not be a more terrible thing. And for that reason themselves reveal probability-based various possibilities, like that of worked out diverse immemorial, death-bringing plagues and prepared with new deadlier active substances, however also artificially created diseases will find use for the decimation of the humankind. Equally wise calculations also indicate, that secret-wise for the annihilation of humankind infectious working poisonous biological substances are exploited and their deadly effects are presented as new and unhealable plagues, whereby these toxic substances then penetrate through the respiratory system and the mouth as well as through the skin and mucous membranes into the entire organism, whereby inevitably unavoidable mass mortality steps into appearance. Also deliberately caused famines and wars, poisonings of the nourishment and of the drinking water will belong to the arsenal of the annihilation of human beings up to a still governable minimum, which itself will come to pass worldwide, thus not only in individual murderous and dictatorial led states.”
Now however thereto, what we have spoken about it since years always again even as topic for discussion and not openly spoken about it: since I indeed now with my probability calculations have openly mentioned that, as it is repeated in the excerpt, thus the question, whether it now can be possible, to say something about it, that already since quite some time thereon is tinkered with, which itself hides in this excerpt?
Ptaah
Your question is indeed justified, which is why I value, that now it also can and may openly be spoken about it and a corresponding information released, hence I also equally want to relate a position to this. The fact is, that already for many decades a criminal and feloniously assessed part and also certain other antisocial elements of the earth's humankind can no longer be kept under control and they through laws and sanctions taken can no longer be stopped, as they are also no longer governable. Thus the terrestrial population is thus for quite some time in a such desolate state in regard to a still effective governability, that in general all regulation-strivings of the responsible ones in the governments and other higher elite ones as well as the security forces always more fail, which is why already for a long time ways were sought, in order to be able to sustainably deal with the disastrous things. Thus itself has already a long time ago come about, as I already explained to you in 1996, that itself a certain grouping of higher hurried ones put together and have drawn up a plan for the solution of the excessive problems of overpopulation and have conceived a resolution, which, seen in the long run, tends to a drastic reduction of the earth's humankind. That this concerning a secret plan, that already was thought up about 20 years ago, based precisely thereon, what you have calculated as probability, namely, that biologically founded epidemics and pandemics in the form of diseases and epidemic/plagues are supposed to be created, by which already since the what was then resolution was secret societally (clandestinely) worked out. Thereby goes along with the resolution, to collect peoples-specifically the deoxyribonucleic acid / DNA (ribonucleic acid /RNA) of the earth-human beings, naturally illegally, in order that in distinct virus-types of occurring bio molecules and carriers of the genetic information, thus the genes, to such an extent biochemically change the various peoples, that a deadly exit becomes unavoidable, when the propagation of the diseases and epi- demic/plagues occur. That however everything in the necessary peoples-specific data is collected, clarified, researched and prepared, for that reason the justification lies therein, that - when the future point in time comes for the reduction attacks against the earth population - the action indeed will occur in accordance with the peoples-based overpopulation-condition.
That means, that then - indeed depending upon the excessive population condition of a peoples - diverse measures and precautions for population reduction will be met, In order to spare and to preserve a distinct number of the population. This will then stand under strictest control of the higher elite ones and only still in more law-given and more controlled-wise can procreate descendants, in order to avoid an again in a new form emergence and growth of a repeated overpopulation. Thereto then for contravention against these lawful direc- tives also lawful regulations and most extreme harsh punishments will occur, which also can be directed against limb and life. And the decision for the mentioned data collection has been implemented for a long time in secret wise, and indeed already for about two decades, whereby also already for quite some time was thereon worked out, in smaller frameworks for a test-wise already created new and initially harmless and periodic appearing disease-forms for tests, especially such, that are periodically and epidemically widely spread, and/or that timely and in local accumulation occur. The great deployment of such deadly substances is supposed to then one day gradually to such an extent to occur, that everything is supposed to ap- pear epidemic-like and pandemic-like, and indeed like conventionally arising diseases and epidemic/ plagues. Afterwards supposedly very distinct peo- ples in great amount are to be specifically infected with determined biologically created new and deadly diseases and epidemic/plagues, in order that they up to a determined minimum are com- pletely eradicated. And that in this form tests already occur, which is unfortunately fact, whereby these experiments themselves indeed still stand in the first-ever initial phases, these however in the foreseeable time will lead to effective results.
Billy
Indeed, that corresponds to that, about which we have already repeatedly talked and from which you have recent said, that the probability calculation in regard to the in fact coming and becoming of this humankind reduction amounts already to a high percent possibility, precisely, that itself in future time everything extensively thus will come about.
Ptaah
That is correct. The current probability calculation amounts to about 51 percent that it will itself will thus occur.
Billy
Then that is also clear. Thanks for your explanation, and I think, 51 percent of probability is already very much, and when the overpopulation furthermore thus rapidly increases, as that for years is the case, then itself can quite quickly everything move to the high point and thereto drive, that the calcula- tions fulfill themselves. If therefore nothing is un dertaken, in order to stop the increasing amount of the earth's humankind and to bring it under control, then for their future will be - precisely for our distant descendants - very much terribleness will wind up at the destiny sky, and the then few humankind will perhaps become serfs of the high elite ones. And for them their forebears will carry the blame, precisely the today's humankind and their descendants, who arrogantly furthermore highly cultivated the overpopulation and in no wise themselves cared about the future. And the majority of the today's and future Earth population did not concern themselves not only about the prosperity and adversity of their descendants, but rather also not about that of their descendants and in turn their descendants and all distant descendants.
Ptaah
What really can be possible, when moreover in unintellect and irrationality therein becomes lived. And what you said concerning that, that the today's Earth's humankind themselves do not care about the prosperity and adversity of their descendants and also not about their descendants and in turn about their descendants, etc., which corresponds to an undeniable fact.
https://creationaltruth.org/Portals/0/Documents/Periodicals/FIGUSignoftheTimes/2017/No082/ExcerptsContact692-ProbabilityCalculationsOnOverpopulationAndEpidemics-ReligiousBelievers-sec.pdf?ver=2017-12-02-150352-610
mise-à-jour 1er mars 2020
Gardez les enfants à la maison si possible (selon Ptaah, ils sont les plus grands transmetteurs silencieux de la maladie, c'est-à-dire qu'ils ont le virus et peuvent le répandre sans devenir eux-mêmes malades)
https://www.figu.org/ch/files/downloads/aktuelles/figu_besucher_corona.pdf
Nous mentionnons ici Parravicini, medium auteur de "psychographies" :
"Les jaunes étudient de nouvelles formes de combat pour le 75. Des armes secrètes seront conservées jusqu'au moment du cri : Invasion !"
-------------------->
mise-à-jour mars 2020
Le conseil des Plejaren semble bon puisque le président Emmanuel Macron a décidé dès le lundi 16 mars la fermeture des crèches, écoles, collèges et universités jusqu'à nouvel ordre.
https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/direct-coronavirus-municipales-regardez-l-allocution-d-emmanuel-macron-jeudi-12-mars-2020_3863359.html
De plus, un article de Bloomberg confirme bien comme annoncé par les Plejaren que l'incubation peut dépasser 37 jours :
Patients with the new coronavirus keep the pathogen in their respiratory tract for as long as 37 days, a new study found, suggesting they could remain infectious for many weeks.
In yet another sign of how difficult the pandemic may be to contain, doctors in China detected the virus’s RNA in respiratory samples from survivors for a median of 20 days after they became infected, they wrote in an article published in the Lancet medical journal
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-12/coronavirus-can-live-in-patients-for-five-weeks-after-contagion
Urbanization and the Spread of Disease
We arrive at where we began, with rising global connections and interactions as a driving force behind pandemics. From small hunting and gathering tribes to the metropolis, humanity’s reliance on one another has also sparked opportunities for disease to spread.
Urbanization in the developing world is bringing more and more rural residents into denser neighborhoods, while population increases are putting greater pressure on the environment. At the same time, passenger air traffic nearly doubled in the past decade. These macro trends are having a profound impact on the spread of infectious disease.
As organizations and governments around the world ask for citizens to practice social distancing to help reduce the rate of infection, the digital world is allowing people to maintain connections and commerce like never before.
https://www.zerohedge.com/health/visualizing-history-pandemics
The coronavirus that causes Covid-19 can linger in the air for at least 30 minutes and travel up to 4.5 metres – further than the “safe distance” advised by health authorities around the world, according to a study by a team of Chinese government epidemiologists.
The researchers also found that it can last for days on surfaces where respiratory droplets land, raising the risk of transmission if an unsuspecting person touches it and then rubs their face and hands.
The length of time it lasts on the surface depends on factors such as temperature and the type of surface, for example at around 37C (98F), it can survive for two to three days on glass, fabric, metal, plastic or paper.
These findings, from a group of official researchers from Hunan province investigating a cluster case, challenge the advice from health authorities around the world that people should remain apart at a “safe distance” of one to two metres (three to six and a half feet).
Several passengers became infected during the four-hour bus journey. Graphic: SCMP
“It can be confirmed that in a closed environment with air-conditioning, the transmission distance of the new coronavirus will exceed the commonly recognised safe distance,” the researchers wrote in a paper published in peer-review journal Practical Preventive Medicine last Friday.
The paper also highlighted the risk that the virus could remain afloat even after the carrier had left the bus.
The scientists warned that the coronavirus could survive more than five days in human faeces or bodily fluids.
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3074351/coronavirus-can-travel-twice-far-official-safe-distance-and-stay
What is your risk to get infected coronavirus?
East Asians, Japanese, and Han Chinese are the most likely people to become severely sick by the coronavirus with a chance of more than 90% when exposed. Europeans only rank in the 50%, Africans in the 60% range, and considered low to medium. It also makes a difference if one is a smoker or non-smoker.
https://www.eturbonews.com/542533/coronavirus-risk-for-asians-africans-caucasians-revealed/
A 10-year-old boy travels to Wuhan, the Chinese epicentre of the coronavirus outbreak, on a holiday with his family.
He returns home to Shenzhen, in south-eastern China, where his five adult family members succumb to high fevers, sore throats, diarrhoea and pneumonia.
Chinese children wear plastic bottles as protective masks while waiting to check in to a flight in Beijing.
Chinese children wear plastic bottles as protective masks while waiting to check in to a flight in Beijing.Credit:Getty
Days pass and the boy shows no symptoms. A chest scan, however, shows signs of viral pneumonia in his lungs, the study published in the prestigious medical journal The Lancet revealed.
It is the mystery perplexing scientists studying coronavirus across the globe: why aren't more children getting sick?
The novel coronavirus has infected in excess of 90,000 people worldwide and more than 3000 of them have died, with a slightly higher number of deaths among men.
Of the more than 44,000 cases in China, fewer than 1 per cent have been in children aged nine or younger. No children have died so far and the limited documented cases have shown far less severe symptoms such as a runny nose or cough.
Australia's Chief Medical Officer Brendan Murphy noted this in his update on Tuesday morning.
"I think the evidence around the world is that when children are infected, [their symptoms] are incredibly mild, in fact so mild that they almost don’t have symptoms."
Allen Cheng, director of the infection prevention unit at Alfred Health in Melbourne, has been examining the spread of coronavirus closely and suspects two possibilities.
"One is simply that the small number of cases we see in children mean that they are mainly not getting infected at all," Professor Cheng said.
"The other is that they still getting it at the same rate as adults, but they just don’t come to hospital very commonly because they have far milder symptoms than adults. These are the things we just don't know yet."
"The other is that they still getting it at the same rate as adults, but they just don’t come to hospital very commonly because they have far milder symptoms than adults. These are the things we just don't know yet."
There are some infectious diseases such as chicken pox or measles, where the older you are the more severe the illness, Professor Cheng said.
"There's the possibility that may be the case with coronavirus," he said.
While children experience milder symptoms of the virus, determining whether they are potential "super spreaders" was critical.
"It's a really important question because, if children don’t really get it at all, then we don’t need to go shutting schools," Professor Cheng said. "But if children do get it, and get a milder form of the disease, then measures like closing down schools temporarily may well be on the cards."
https://www.smh.com.au/national/why-children-aren-t-getting-sick-from-coronavirus-20200302-p545x8.html?
LIPSITCH: We know that the cases of children sick enough to get tested is much lower per capita than those of adults. And we also know that, in China outside of Hubei province, the difference between children and adults is smaller. Children are still underrepresented, but they’re a larger part of the total than inside Hubei province. That would suggest that part of the equation is that they are getting infected but they’re not that sick — it’s easier to identify less-severe cases in a system that’s not overwhelmed as it is in Hubei. But we don’t know whether they’re infected and not as sick or whether there are a lot of kids that aren’t getting infected even when they’re exposed.
https://www.zerohedge.com/health/big-coronavirus-mystery-where-are-children
Ex-CDC head Tom Frieden says kids may be secret coronavirus carriers
The ex-director of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Monday that the deadly coronavirus may be “impossible” to contain — and that kids may be secret carriers of the disease.
“We think it will be very difficult if not impossible to contain it … but that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try,” Dr. Tom Frieden told reporters.
...
“Never before have we seen a pathogen emerge and have global spread like this. That is scary,” Frieden said.
Frieden pointed to evidence that people with mild or no symptoms, including children, may be secret carriers of the virus.
He cited a report of a 10-year-old boy who visited the outbreak’s epicenter in China and didn’t show any symptoms of the virus. But when the boy’s parents insisted doctors test him, he was diagnosed with the virus, according to the Lancet medical journal.
“The fact that children may get infected but not show symptoms poses a risk to pediatricians,” Frieden said.
The virus, known as COVID-19, has been most deadly with patients who are older or have underlying health problems, he said.
https://nypost.com/2020/03/02/ex-cdc-head-tom-frieden-says-kids-may-be-secret-coronavirus-carriers/
Scientist says Covid-19 is man made and was released from Wuhan lab
A Taiwanese scientist has claimed Chinese microbiologists probably created coronavirus in Wuhan, China.
Based on the virus unusual structure it is most likely “man made” and there is a theory coronavirus was somehow leaked or released from the Institute of Virology in Wuhan China, said Professor Fang Chi-tai from the National Taiwan University (NTU).
Professor Fang said China’s track record with safety standards and laboratory management has been questioned in the past.
The Professor claims it was very possible that the Wuhan Chinese scientists created the deadly virus by simply adding four amino acids to an existing bat virus, which therefore makes it much easier to transmit to people.
Professor Fang added, “The mutations found in the novel coronavirus are unusual in an academic sense.
“It is indeed possible that it is a man-made product.
“From an academic point of view, it is indeed possible that the amino acids were added to COVID-19 in the lab by humans.”
In February Chinese scientist announced the true cause of the spread of coronavirus, who broke cover and said the oubreak started in a science laboratory in Wuhan yards away from a wet market.
A scientist told how a sick bat attacked the researchers and bled on them and urinated on another, they were then forced to quarantine themselves for 14 days.
https://londonlovesbusiness.com/scientist-says-covid-19-is-man-made-and-was-released-from-wuhan-lab/
The possible origins of 2019-nCoV coronavirus (article du 14 février 2020, retiré par la suite)
Botao Xiao
Lei Xiao
The 2019-nCoV has caused an epidemic of 28,060 laboratory-confirmed infections in human including 564 deaths in China by February 6, 2020. Two descriptions of the virus published on Nature this week indicated that the genome sequences from patients were almost identical to the Bat CoV ZC45 coronavirus. It was critical to study where the pathogen came from and how it passed onto human. An article published on The Lancet reported that 27 of 41 infected patients were found to have contact with the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan. We noted two laboratories conducting research on bat coronavirus in Wuhan, one of which was only 280 meters from the seafood market. We briefly examined the histories of the laboratories and proposed that the coronavirus probably originated from a laboratory. Our proposal provided an alternative origin of the coronavirus in addition to natural recombination and intermediate host.
https://web.archive.org/web/20200214144447/https:/www.researchgate.net/publication/339070128_The_possible_origins_of_2019-nCoV_coronavirus
In compliance with the provincial health commission’s instructions, the city has inquired and checked within its government departments and agencies that previously received “documents and data” related to the outbreak, and have duly destroyed them, the document stated.
A confidential government document from the Chaoyang city health commission, dated on Feb. 23, 2020. (Provided to The Epoch Times)
Staff who had access to the data were also required to sign a “letter of commitment,” which stipulated that officials promise to delete relevant documents from their laptops, computers, smartphones, external drive, and so on.
Furthermore, the signee will delete any screenshots and photos he or she made of the documents, and will promise not to share the contents of said documents with any party.
https://web.archive.org/web/20200313171316/https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/20/2/27/n11901418.htm
Recombination mechanism
On February 7, 2020, we learned that a virus even closer to SARS-CoV-2 had been discovered in pangolin. With 99% of genomic concordance reported, this suggested a more likely reservoir than bats. However, a recent study under review shows that the genome of the coronavirus isolated from the Malaysian pangolin (Manis javanica) is less similar to SARS-Cov-2, with only 90% of genomic concordance. This would indicate that the virus isolated in the pangolin is not responsible for the COVID-19 epidemic currently raging.
However, the coronavirus isolated from pangolin is similar at 99% in a specific region of the S protein, which corresponds to the 74 amino acids involved in the ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2) receptor binding domain, the one that allows the virus to enter human cells to infect them. By contrast, the virus RaTG13 isolated from bat R. affinis is highly divergent in this specific region (only 77 % of similarity). This means that the coronavirus isolated from pangolin is capable of entering human cells whereas the one isolated from bat R. affinis is not.
In addition, these genomic comparisons suggest that the SARS-Cov-2 virus is the result of a recombination between two different viruses, one close to RaTG13 and the other closer to the pangolin virus. In other words, it is a chimera between two pre-existing viruses.
This recombination mechanism had already been described in coronaviruses, in particular to explain the origin of SARS-CoV. It is important to know that recombination results in a new virus potentially capable of infecting a new host species. For recombination to occur, the two divergent viruses must have infected the same organism simultaneously.
Two questions remain unanswered: in which organism did this recombination occur? (a bat, a pangolin or another species?) And above all, under what conditions did this recombination take place?
https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-origins-genome-analysis-suggests-two-viruses-may-have-combined-134059
Chinese scientists destroyed proof of virus in December
Chinese laboratories identified a mystery virus as a highly infectious new pathogen by late December last year, but they were ordered to stop tests, destroy samples and suppress the news, a Chinese media outlet has revealed.
A regional health official in Wuhan, centre of the outbreak, demanded the destruction of the lab samples that established the cause of unexplained viral pneumonia on January 1. China did not acknowledge there was human-to-human transmission until more than three weeks later.
The detailed revelations by Caixin Global, a respected independent publication, provide the clearest evidence yet of the scale of the cover-up in the crucial early weeks when the opportunity was lost to control the outbreak.
Censors have been rapidly deleting the report from the Chinese internet.
Sunday March 01 2020, 12.01am GMT, The Sunday Times
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/chinese-scientists-destroyed-proof-of-virus-in-december-rz055qjnj
Early and combined interventions crucial in tackling Covid-19 spread in China
Published: 11 March 2020
Coronavirus animation
A study by the University of Southampton examining non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in response to the new coronavirus (COVID-19) in China shows that a range of early, coordinated and targeted measures are needed to help significantly reduce its spread.
Researchers in the population mapping group WorldPop ran complex modelling, using anonymised data on both human movement and illness onset, to help simulate different outbreak scenarios for cities in mainland China. This allowed them to understand how variations in the timing, level and combinations of interventions affect speed and transmission of the disease.
Findings are available in a preprint paper on medRxiv website.1
The study estimates that by the end of February 2020 there was a total of 114, 325 COVID-19 cases in China. It shows that without non-pharmaceutical interventions – such as early detection, isolation of cases, travel restrictions and cordon sanitaire – the number of infected people would have been 67 times larger than that which actually occurred.
The research also found that if interventions in the country could have been conducted one week, two weeks, or three weeks earlier, cases could have been reduced by 66 percent, 86 percent and 95 percent respectively – significantly limiting the geographical spread of the disease. However, if NPIs were conducted one week, two weeks, or three weeks later than they were, the number of cases may have shown a 3-fold, 7-fold, or 18-fold increase, respectively.
https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2020/03/covid-19-china.page
It has become clear that the first cases of the Chinese virus were reported in mid-late November and early December, with scientists even estimating that the first jump of the virus from animals to humans probably occurred in October in the city of Wuhan.
Instead of acting immediately, the Chinese government waited until January 23rd before issuing quarantine orders to the 11 million people living in Wuhan.
The communist state was also actively working to suppress and punish doctors and scientists who tried to get warnings out, and lied to the world by claiming there was “no evidence” of human-to-human transmission.
https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/global-pandemic-could-have-been-avoided-if-china-had-acted-sooner-study-finds
Voyage officiel du Premier Ministre en Chine, visite du laboratoire P4 de Wuhan [中文]
Dans le cadre de son voyage officiel en Chine et de sa visite à Wuhan le 23 février 2017, le Premier Ministre a visité le laboratoire P4 de Wuhan, de conception française, dans le cadre de la coopération bilatérale en matière de prévention et de lutte contre les maladies infectieuses.
M. Bernard CAZENEUVE, dans le cadre de son voyage officiel en Chine du 20 au 23 février 2017, s’est rendu à Wuhan le 23 février.
Il était accompagné d’une délégation dont faisaient partie Mme Marisol TOURAINE (Ministre des affaires sociales et de la Santé), M. Mathias FECKL (Secrétaire d’Etat au commerce extérieur), M. Yves LEVY (PDG de l’Inserm, président de l’alliance nationale pour les sciences de la vie et de la santé et co-président français du comité chargé du suivi de la mise en œuvre de l’accord intergouvernemental de coopération en matière de prévention et de lutte contre les maladies infectieuses de 2004) ainsi que M Hervé RAOUL (directeur du laboratoire P4 Jean Mérieux-Inserm de Lyon).
Le Premier Ministre s’est rendu sur le site du laboratoire de haute sécurité biologique P4 de Wuhan, premier de ce type en Chine continentale. Ce laboratoire de l’académie des sciences de Chine (CAS, Institut de virologie de Wuhan) est un laboratoire de conception française et possède de nombreux équipements de confinement biologique de pointe français et européens.
Accueilli par le Gouverneur de la Province du Hubei (M. WANG Xiaodong), le vice-président de l’Académie des Sciences chinoise (M. ZHANG Yaping) et l’Ambassadeur de Chine en France (M. ZHAI Jun), il a effectué une visite du laboratoire et participé à la cérémonie d’accréditation par l’organisme chinois d’accréditation.
Lors de son discours, le Premier Ministre est revenu sur l’importance que revêt ce laboratoire, de conception française, dans le cadre de la coopération et de la lutte contre les maladies infectieuses émergentes. Il a également annoncé que l’Etat français mettrait à disposition un budget d’un million d’euros par an sur 5 ans pour soutenir la coopération scientifique dans ce domaine autour du P4 de Wuhan.
Ce laboratoire devrait être intégré à terme au système d’alerte et de réponses aux épidémies de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé.
L’après-midi, et en marge de la suite de la visite de la délégation officielle, s’est tenue une réunion consacrée à la coopération scientifique autour de la construction du P4 de Wuhan et à laquelle participaient M. Yves LEVY, M. Hervé RAOUL ainsi que Pierre LEMONDE (Conseiller pour la Science et la Technologie de l’Ambassade de France en Chine), M. Philippe MAURIN (Attaché pour la Science et la Technologie au Consulat général de France à Wuhan) et les représentants de l’Institut de virologie de Wuhan (WIV-CAS), de l’académie des sciences de Chine (CAS), du Centre de chinois pour le contrôle et la prévention des maladies (CDC) et de l’organisme chinois d’accréditation (CNAS).
https://cn.ambafrance.org/Voyage-officiel-du-Premier-Ministre-en-Chine-visite-du
Fort Detrick /ˈdiːtrɪk/ is a United States Army Medical Command installation located in Frederick, Maryland. Historically, Fort Detrick was the center of the U.S. biological weapons program from 1943 to 1969. Since the discontinuation of that program, it has hosted most elements of the United States biological defense program.
As of the early 2010s, Fort Detrick's 1,200-acre (490 ha) campus supports a multi-governmental community that conducts biomedical research and development, medical materiel management, global medical communications and the study of foreign plant pathogens. It is home to the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC), with its bio-defense agency, the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). It also hosts the National Cancer Institute-Frederick (NCI-Frederick)[1] and is home to the National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research (NICBR)[2] and National Interagency Biodefense Campus (NIBC).
...
World War II and BW research (1943–45)
Main article: United States biological weapons program
During World War II, Camp Detrick and the USBWL became the site of intensive biological warfare (BW) research using various pathogens. This research was originally overseen by pharmaceuticals executive George W. Merck and for many years was conducted by Ira L. Baldwin, professor of bacteriology at the University of Wisconsin. Baldwin became the first scientific director of the labs. He chose Detrick Field for the site of this exhaustive research effort because of its balance between remoteness of location and proximity to Washington, DC – as well as to Edgewood Arsenal, the focal point of U.S. chemical warfare research. Buildings and other facilities left from the old airfield – including the large hangar – provided the nucleus of support needed for the startup. The 92 acres (37 ha) of Detrick Field were also surrounded by extensive farmlands that could be procured if and when the BW effort was expanded.[4]
The Army's Chemical Warfare Service was given responsibility and oversight for the effort that one officer described as "cloaked in the deepest wartime secrecy, matched only by ... the Manhattan Project for developing the Atomic Bomb".[5] Three months after the start of construction, an additional $3 million was provided for five additional laboratories and a pilot plant. Lt. Col. Bacon was authorized 85 officers, 373 enlisted personnel, and 80 enlisted Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) members under two WAAC officers. At its peak strength in 1945, Camp Detrick had 240 officers and 1,530 enlisted personnel including WACs.[6]
Post-war years (1946–55)
The elaborate security precautions taken at Camp Detrick were so effective that it was not until January 1946, 4 months after VJ Day that the public learned of the war-time research in biological weapons.[7]
In 1952, the Army purchased over 500 acres (200 ha) more of land located between West 7th Street and Oppossumtown Pike to expand the permanent research and development facilities.
Two workers at the base died from exposure to anthrax in the 1950s. Another died in 1964 from viral encephalitis.[8]
There was a building on the base, Building 470, locally referred to as "Anthrax Tower". Building 470 was a pilot plant for testing optimal fermentor and bacterial purification technologies. The information gained in this pilot plant shaped the fermentor technology that was ultimately used by the pharmaceutical industry to revolutionize production of antibiotics and other drugs. Building 470 was torn down in 2003 without any adverse effects on the demolition workers or the environment. The facility acquired the nickname "Fort Doom" while offensive biological warfare research was undertaken there. 5,000 bombs containing anthrax spores were produced at the base during World War II.[8]
From 1945 to 1955 under Project Paperclip and its successors, the U.S. government recruited over 1,600 German and Austrian scientists and engineers in a variety of fields such as aircraft design, missile technology and biological warfare. Among the specialists in the latter field who ended up working in the U.S. were Walter Schreiber, Erich Traub and Kurt Blome, who had been involved with medical experiments on concentration camp inmates to test biological warfare agents. Since Britain, France and the Soviet Union were also engaged in recruiting these scientists, the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) wished to deny their services to other powers, and therefore altered or concealed the records of their Nazi past and involvement in war crimes.[9]
Testing performed on Seventh-day Adventists, 1940–1974
The U.S. General Accounting Office issued a report on September 28, 1994, which stated that between 1940 and 1974, DOD and other national security agencies studied hundreds of thousands of human subjects in tests and experiments involving hazardous substances.
The quote from the study:
Many experiments that tested various biological agents on human subjects, referred to as Operation Whitecoat, were carried out at Fort Detrick, Maryland, in the 1950s. The human subjects originally consisted of volunteer enlisted men. However, after the enlisted men staged a sitdown strike to obtain more information about the dangers of the biological tests, Seventh-day Adventists (SDAs) who were conscientious objectors were recruited for the studies.[10]
The Army purchased an additional 147 acres (59 ha) in 1946 to increase the size of the original "Area A" as well as 398 acres (161 ha) located west of Area A, but not contiguous to it, to provide a test area known as Area B. In 1952, another 502.76 acres (203.5 ha) were purchased between West 7th Street and Oppossumtown Pike to expand the permanent research and development facilities.
Jeffrey Alan Lockwood wrote in 2009 that the biological warfare program at Ft. Detrick began to research the use of insects as disease vectors going back to World War II and also employed German and Japanese scientists after the war who had experimented on human subjects among POWs and concentration camp inmates. Scientists used or attempted to use a wide variety of insects in their biowar plans, including fleas, ticks, ants, lice and mosquitoes – especially mosquitoes that carried the yellow fever virus. They also tested these in the United States. Lockwood thinks that it is very likely that the U.S. did use insects dropped from aircraft during the Korean War to spread diseases, and that the Chinese and North Koreans were not simply engaged in a propaganda campaign when they made these allegations, since the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of Defense had approved their use in the fall of 1950 at the "earliest practicable time". At that time, it had five biowarfare agents ready for use, three of which were spread by insect vectors.[11]
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Detrick
Research into deadly viruses and biological weapons at US army lab shut down over fears they could escape
America’s main biological warfare lab has been ordered to stop all research into the deadliest viruses and pathogens over fears contaminated waste could leak out of the facility.
Fort Detrick, in Maryland, has been the epicentre of the US Army’s bioweapons research since the beginning of the Cold War.
But last month the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – the government’s public health body – stripped the base of its license to handle highly restricted “select agents”, which includes Ebola, smallpox and anthrax.
The unusual move follows an inspection by the CDC at Fort Detrick which found several problems with new procedures used to decontaminate waste water.
For years the facility used a steam sterilisation plant to treat waste water, but after a storm flooded and ruined that machinery last year, Fort Detrick switched to a new chemical-based decontamination system.
But the CDC inspectors found the new procedures were not sufficient, with both mechanical failures causing leaks and researchers failing to properly follow the rules.
As a result, the organisation sent a “cease and desist” order to Fort Detrick, forcing it to suspend all research on select agents.
Although the United States officially abandoned its biological weapons programme in 1969, Fort Detrick has continued defensive research into deadly pathogens on the list of “select agents”, including the Ebola virus, the organisms that cause the plague, and the highly toxic poison ricin.
In 2009, research at Fort Detrick was suspended because it was discovered it was storing pathogens which were not listed on its inventory.
The regulations on keeping close track of hazardous biological material were tightened after the 2001 anthrax attacks, which saw five people die after spores were posted to several media newsrooms and Democratic senators.
The FBI’s chief suspect in the 2001 case, Bruce Ivins, was a senior biological weapons researcher at Fort Detrick. He killed himself in 2008, shortly before the FBI was planning to charge him with the attacks.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/virus-biological-us-army-weapons-fort-detrick-leak-ebola-anthrax-smallpox-ricin-a9042641.html
A South African scientist has told the Truth and Reconciliation Commission that the apartheid government considered trying to develop a bacteria which would kill only blacks.
The former head of a military research laboratory, Daan Goosen, told the commission that the project had the backing of South Africa's then Surgeon General, who described it as "the most important project in the country."
Although the substance was never developed, Mr Goosen said that an unknown European scientist claimed to have developed a strain of bacteria in the early 1980s "capable of killing pigmented people".
"It could have been used as a negotiation back-up," Mr Goosen told the Commission. "A thing like this could have been used to maintain peace. It was a case of being the strongest."
Plans to travel to Europe for a meeting were abandoned because of fears that it could be a trap, but the witness said South African scientists continued their own work on the project, and also looked into methods of making blacks selectively infertile.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/110947.stm
L’Afrique du Sud, ex-laboratoire secret de bio-terrorisme des démocraties
Dans les années 80, le système d’Apartheid était menacé en Afrique du Sud. Le régime lança un programme secret de recherche biologique et chimique nommé Project Coast. Son objectif était la production de substances mortelles éthniquement sélectives, permettant de réduire la population noire. On ignore combien de personnes sont mortes dans ces expériences. Le chiffre de plusieurs milliers est avancé. Le directeur du projet, le docteur Wouter Basson, a été acquitté le 12 avril 2002 à l’issu d’un procès controversé. Aujourd’hui, le scandale éclabousse la Suisse qui aurait collaboré aux recherches du « docteur la Mort ». Il semble, en effet, que pour contourner les traités de non-prolifération d’armes de destruction massive, plusieurs démocraties aient fait sous-traiter leurs recherches par le régime de l’Apartheid.
https://www.voltairenet.org/article8655.html
Wouter Basson, un médecin sud-africain qui était à la tête d’un programme secret de développement d’armes chimiques, a été déclaré coupable de violation de l’éthique médicale par le Conseil de l’ordre, 11 ans après avoir été acquitté par la justice.
On l’appelait le «Docteur La Mort», qui voulait «trouver des solutions médicales à un problème politique». Quelques jours après la mort de Nelson Mandela, la condamnation de Wouter Basson par le Conseil de l’ordre rappelle à l’Afrique du Sud ses heures les plus sombres. Le cardiologue, médecin militaire au grade de général, était depuis 1981 à la tête d’un programme chimique secret du régime de l’apartheid, le Project Coast. Acquitté en 2002 par la justice, c’est le Conseil de l’ordre qui l’a finalement condamné après deux décennies pendant lesquelles il a continué d’exercer son métier comme si de rien n’était. Il a été déclaré coupable de violation de l’éthique médicale mercredi lors d’une audience à Pretoria pour laquelle il ne s’est pas déplacé –il avait, selon ses avocats, une urgence avec un patient. Cela faisait sept ans que le Conseil de l’ordre étudiait le cas du cardiologue, qui sera fixé en février prochain sur sa sentence. Il encourt la révocation à vie, selon Sowetan.
«Aujourd’hui, la vérité a vaincu, il est évident qu’il a usé de ses connaissances médicales pour tuer des gens innocents», a déclaré au «Mail & Guardian» Lizzie Sofolo, dont le mari a été enlevé, torturé et tué à la fin des années 1980, le tout pour «tester» les armes mises au point par Wouter Basson. «Le Dr Basson répétait qu’il agissait en soldat, mais il demeurait membre du Conseil de l’ordre et cela le lie à des valeurs citoyennes», a expliqué Buyiswa Mjamba-Matshoba, qui préside le Conseil.
La "bombe noire", une arme chimique raciste
La mission de Wouter Basson, médecin personnel du président Pieter Botha, était de mettre au point des armes chimiques et biologiques pour lutter contre le «terrorisme» d’alors: les militants anti-apartheid et la population noire. En tout, plus de 200 personnes ont été tuées par les membres du Project Coast en Afrique du Sud, en Namibie et en Angola. Un des grands objectifs du «Mengele sud-africain» a été de mettre au point la «bombe noire», une arme chimique qui n’aurait touché –affaibli ou tué– que la population noire.
Un programme pour contrôler la fertilité des noirs aurait également été étudié afin de «limiter la croissance de la population noire», écrit Helen E. Purkitt dans «South Africa’s Weapons of Mass Destruction». Des souches d’anthrax, du choléra, du botulisme et d’autres pathologies ont été isolées et travaillées par le Project Coast. Ce dernier a également collecté des armes chimiques comme du gaz moutarde.
Les activistes de l’ANC étaient particulièrement visés afin de tester les produits mis au point par le Dr Basson et ses équipes. Un des cas les plus emblématiques est celui d’un groupe de dix jeunes hommes engagés dans un groupe extrême de l’ANC, Umkhonto weSizwe, enlevés et drogués en 1987. L’enquête menée par la Commission vérité et réconciliation (CVR), après l’abolition de l’apartheid, a prouvé que les membres du Project Coast se sont débarrassés de leurs corps en les plaçant dans un véhicule projeté contre un arbre, et qui a finalement explosé. «Nous voulons juste que cette histoire soit derrière nous. Cela dure depuis des années, pourquoi est-ce que ça ne finit pas?», a demandé Maria Ntuli, dont le fils Jeremiah faisait partie des «accidentés».
https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/International/Wouter-Basson-Le-Dr-Mengele-sud-africain-enfin-coupable-541057
Dr Wouter Basson, the man who headed South Africa's apartheid-era germ warfare programme, has been acquitted on charges of murder, conspiracy, fraud and drug possession.
"I find the accused not guilty on all the charges," Judge Willie Hartzenberg said as the judgment was read out in the courtroom in Pretoria.
They (the prosecutors) had to prove beyond all doubt that the accused was guilty. That they did not do
Judge Willie Hartzenberg
Dr Basson, dubbed "Dr Death" by the media for his alleged attempts to perfect killing, showed little reaction, just smiled briefly as he was found not guilty on 46 charges.
The ruling African National Congress condemned the verdict as "outrageously bad," said ANC spokesman Smuts Ngonyama.
"The justice system has let us down on this case," he added, describing the verdict as "a clear case of the protection of an individual who has killed people".
Plans to appeal
Prosecutors have accused Mr Hartzenberg of favouring Mr Basson throughout the trial, and the government plans to appeal the verdict before a panel of judges, Sipho Ngwema, a spokesman for the National Director of Public Prosecutions said.
The court was packed with white supporters of the 51-year-old cardiologist and they applauded the decision when the decision was read out.
...
Horrific experiments
Witnesses had testified to a catalogue of killing methods ranging from the grotesque to the horrific:
Project Coast sought to create "smart" poisons, which would only affect blacks, and hoarded enough cholera and anthrax to start epidemics.
Naked black men were tied to trees, smeared with a poisonous gel and left overnight to see if they would die. When the experiment failed, they were put to death with injections of muscle relaxants.
Weapon ideas included sugar laced with salmonella, cigarettes with anthrax, chocolates with botulism and whisky with herbicide.
'Following orders'
Dr Basson said at the trial he had only been following orders and portrayed himself as a scientist who had sought ways to combat potato blight and a hepatitis-A epidemic.
Responding to the charge that he had embezzled state funds, he said the government had practically provided him with a blank cheque for his work, which took him all over the world for clandestine meetings with agents.
He was arrested in 1997 on charges of selling ecstasy to a police informant - illegal drug production was one arm of Operation Coast's operations.
That arrest shed light on the germ warfare unit's work and Dr Basson finally went on trial in October 1999.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1923000.stm
Ex-CDC head Tom Frieden says kids may be secret coronavirus carriers
The ex-director of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Monday that the deadly coronavirus may be “impossible” to contain — and that kids may be secret carriers of the disease.
“We think it will be very difficult if not impossible to contain it … but that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try,” Dr. Tom Frieden told reporters.
...
“Never before have we seen a pathogen emerge and have global spread like this. That is scary,” Frieden said.
Frieden pointed to evidence that people with mild or no symptoms, including children, may be secret carriers of the virus.
He cited a report of a 10-year-old boy who visited the outbreak’s epicenter in China and didn’t show any symptoms of the virus. But when the boy’s parents insisted doctors test him, he was diagnosed with the virus, according to the Lancet medical journal.
“The fact that children may get infected but not show symptoms poses a risk to pediatricians,” Frieden said.
The virus, known as COVID-19, has been most deadly with patients who are older or have underlying health problems, he said.
https://nypost.com/2020/03/02/ex-cdc-head-tom-frieden-says-kids-may-be-secret-coronavirus-carriers/
Scientist says Covid-19 is man made and was released from Wuhan lab
A Taiwanese scientist has claimed Chinese microbiologists probably created coronavirus in Wuhan, China.
Based on the virus unusual structure it is most likely “man made” and there is a theory coronavirus was somehow leaked or released from the Institute of Virology in Wuhan China, said Professor Fang Chi-tai from the National Taiwan University (NTU).
Professor Fang said China’s track record with safety standards and laboratory management has been questioned in the past.
The Professor claims it was very possible that the Wuhan Chinese scientists created the deadly virus by simply adding four amino acids to an existing bat virus, which therefore makes it much easier to transmit to people.
Professor Fang added, “The mutations found in the novel coronavirus are unusual in an academic sense.
“It is indeed possible that it is a man-made product.
“From an academic point of view, it is indeed possible that the amino acids were added to COVID-19 in the lab by humans.”
In February Chinese scientist announced the true cause of the spread of coronavirus, who broke cover and said the oubreak started in a science laboratory in Wuhan yards away from a wet market.
A scientist told how a sick bat attacked the researchers and bled on them and urinated on another, they were then forced to quarantine themselves for 14 days.
https://londonlovesbusiness.com/scientist-says-covid-19-is-man-made-and-was-released-from-wuhan-lab/
The possible origins of 2019-nCoV coronavirus (article du 14 février 2020, retiré par la suite)
Botao Xiao
Lei Xiao
The 2019-nCoV has caused an epidemic of 28,060 laboratory-confirmed infections in human including 564 deaths in China by February 6, 2020. Two descriptions of the virus published on Nature this week indicated that the genome sequences from patients were almost identical to the Bat CoV ZC45 coronavirus. It was critical to study where the pathogen came from and how it passed onto human. An article published on The Lancet reported that 27 of 41 infected patients were found to have contact with the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan. We noted two laboratories conducting research on bat coronavirus in Wuhan, one of which was only 280 meters from the seafood market. We briefly examined the histories of the laboratories and proposed that the coronavirus probably originated from a laboratory. Our proposal provided an alternative origin of the coronavirus in addition to natural recombination and intermediate host.
https://web.archive.org/web/20200214144447/https:/www.researchgate.net/publication/339070128_The_possible_origins_of_2019-nCoV_coronavirus
In compliance with the provincial health commission’s instructions, the city has inquired and checked within its government departments and agencies that previously received “documents and data” related to the outbreak, and have duly destroyed them, the document stated.
A confidential government document from the Chaoyang city health commission, dated on Feb. 23, 2020. (Provided to The Epoch Times)
Staff who had access to the data were also required to sign a “letter of commitment,” which stipulated that officials promise to delete relevant documents from their laptops, computers, smartphones, external drive, and so on.
Furthermore, the signee will delete any screenshots and photos he or she made of the documents, and will promise not to share the contents of said documents with any party.
https://web.archive.org/web/20200313171316/https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/20/2/27/n11901418.htm
Recombination mechanism
On February 7, 2020, we learned that a virus even closer to SARS-CoV-2 had been discovered in pangolin. With 99% of genomic concordance reported, this suggested a more likely reservoir than bats. However, a recent study under review shows that the genome of the coronavirus isolated from the Malaysian pangolin (Manis javanica) is less similar to SARS-Cov-2, with only 90% of genomic concordance. This would indicate that the virus isolated in the pangolin is not responsible for the COVID-19 epidemic currently raging.
However, the coronavirus isolated from pangolin is similar at 99% in a specific region of the S protein, which corresponds to the 74 amino acids involved in the ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2) receptor binding domain, the one that allows the virus to enter human cells to infect them. By contrast, the virus RaTG13 isolated from bat R. affinis is highly divergent in this specific region (only 77 % of similarity). This means that the coronavirus isolated from pangolin is capable of entering human cells whereas the one isolated from bat R. affinis is not.
In addition, these genomic comparisons suggest that the SARS-Cov-2 virus is the result of a recombination between two different viruses, one close to RaTG13 and the other closer to the pangolin virus. In other words, it is a chimera between two pre-existing viruses.
This recombination mechanism had already been described in coronaviruses, in particular to explain the origin of SARS-CoV. It is important to know that recombination results in a new virus potentially capable of infecting a new host species. For recombination to occur, the two divergent viruses must have infected the same organism simultaneously.
Two questions remain unanswered: in which organism did this recombination occur? (a bat, a pangolin or another species?) And above all, under what conditions did this recombination take place?
https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-origins-genome-analysis-suggests-two-viruses-may-have-combined-134059
Chinese scientists destroyed proof of virus in December
Chinese laboratories identified a mystery virus as a highly infectious new pathogen by late December last year, but they were ordered to stop tests, destroy samples and suppress the news, a Chinese media outlet has revealed.
A regional health official in Wuhan, centre of the outbreak, demanded the destruction of the lab samples that established the cause of unexplained viral pneumonia on January 1. China did not acknowledge there was human-to-human transmission until more than three weeks later.
The detailed revelations by Caixin Global, a respected independent publication, provide the clearest evidence yet of the scale of the cover-up in the crucial early weeks when the opportunity was lost to control the outbreak.
Censors have been rapidly deleting the report from the Chinese internet.
Sunday March 01 2020, 12.01am GMT, The Sunday Times
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/chinese-scientists-destroyed-proof-of-virus-in-december-rz055qjnj
Early and combined interventions crucial in tackling Covid-19 spread in China
Published: 11 March 2020
Coronavirus animation
A study by the University of Southampton examining non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in response to the new coronavirus (COVID-19) in China shows that a range of early, coordinated and targeted measures are needed to help significantly reduce its spread.
Researchers in the population mapping group WorldPop ran complex modelling, using anonymised data on both human movement and illness onset, to help simulate different outbreak scenarios for cities in mainland China. This allowed them to understand how variations in the timing, level and combinations of interventions affect speed and transmission of the disease.
Findings are available in a preprint paper on medRxiv website.1
The study estimates that by the end of February 2020 there was a total of 114, 325 COVID-19 cases in China. It shows that without non-pharmaceutical interventions – such as early detection, isolation of cases, travel restrictions and cordon sanitaire – the number of infected people would have been 67 times larger than that which actually occurred.
The research also found that if interventions in the country could have been conducted one week, two weeks, or three weeks earlier, cases could have been reduced by 66 percent, 86 percent and 95 percent respectively – significantly limiting the geographical spread of the disease. However, if NPIs were conducted one week, two weeks, or three weeks later than they were, the number of cases may have shown a 3-fold, 7-fold, or 18-fold increase, respectively.
https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2020/03/covid-19-china.page
It has become clear that the first cases of the Chinese virus were reported in mid-late November and early December, with scientists even estimating that the first jump of the virus from animals to humans probably occurred in October in the city of Wuhan.
Instead of acting immediately, the Chinese government waited until January 23rd before issuing quarantine orders to the 11 million people living in Wuhan.
The communist state was also actively working to suppress and punish doctors and scientists who tried to get warnings out, and lied to the world by claiming there was “no evidence” of human-to-human transmission.
https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/global-pandemic-could-have-been-avoided-if-china-had-acted-sooner-study-finds
Voyage officiel du Premier Ministre en Chine, visite du laboratoire P4 de Wuhan [中文]
Dans le cadre de son voyage officiel en Chine et de sa visite à Wuhan le 23 février 2017, le Premier Ministre a visité le laboratoire P4 de Wuhan, de conception française, dans le cadre de la coopération bilatérale en matière de prévention et de lutte contre les maladies infectieuses.
M. Bernard CAZENEUVE, dans le cadre de son voyage officiel en Chine du 20 au 23 février 2017, s’est rendu à Wuhan le 23 février.
Il était accompagné d’une délégation dont faisaient partie Mme Marisol TOURAINE (Ministre des affaires sociales et de la Santé), M. Mathias FECKL (Secrétaire d’Etat au commerce extérieur), M. Yves LEVY (PDG de l’Inserm, président de l’alliance nationale pour les sciences de la vie et de la santé et co-président français du comité chargé du suivi de la mise en œuvre de l’accord intergouvernemental de coopération en matière de prévention et de lutte contre les maladies infectieuses de 2004) ainsi que M Hervé RAOUL (directeur du laboratoire P4 Jean Mérieux-Inserm de Lyon).
Le Premier Ministre s’est rendu sur le site du laboratoire de haute sécurité biologique P4 de Wuhan, premier de ce type en Chine continentale. Ce laboratoire de l’académie des sciences de Chine (CAS, Institut de virologie de Wuhan) est un laboratoire de conception française et possède de nombreux équipements de confinement biologique de pointe français et européens.
Accueilli par le Gouverneur de la Province du Hubei (M. WANG Xiaodong), le vice-président de l’Académie des Sciences chinoise (M. ZHANG Yaping) et l’Ambassadeur de Chine en France (M. ZHAI Jun), il a effectué une visite du laboratoire et participé à la cérémonie d’accréditation par l’organisme chinois d’accréditation.
Lors de son discours, le Premier Ministre est revenu sur l’importance que revêt ce laboratoire, de conception française, dans le cadre de la coopération et de la lutte contre les maladies infectieuses émergentes. Il a également annoncé que l’Etat français mettrait à disposition un budget d’un million d’euros par an sur 5 ans pour soutenir la coopération scientifique dans ce domaine autour du P4 de Wuhan.
Ce laboratoire devrait être intégré à terme au système d’alerte et de réponses aux épidémies de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé.
L’après-midi, et en marge de la suite de la visite de la délégation officielle, s’est tenue une réunion consacrée à la coopération scientifique autour de la construction du P4 de Wuhan et à laquelle participaient M. Yves LEVY, M. Hervé RAOUL ainsi que Pierre LEMONDE (Conseiller pour la Science et la Technologie de l’Ambassade de France en Chine), M. Philippe MAURIN (Attaché pour la Science et la Technologie au Consulat général de France à Wuhan) et les représentants de l’Institut de virologie de Wuhan (WIV-CAS), de l’académie des sciences de Chine (CAS), du Centre de chinois pour le contrôle et la prévention des maladies (CDC) et de l’organisme chinois d’accréditation (CNAS).
https://cn.ambafrance.org/Voyage-officiel-du-Premier-Ministre-en-Chine-visite-du
Fort Detrick /ˈdiːtrɪk/ is a United States Army Medical Command installation located in Frederick, Maryland. Historically, Fort Detrick was the center of the U.S. biological weapons program from 1943 to 1969. Since the discontinuation of that program, it has hosted most elements of the United States biological defense program.
As of the early 2010s, Fort Detrick's 1,200-acre (490 ha) campus supports a multi-governmental community that conducts biomedical research and development, medical materiel management, global medical communications and the study of foreign plant pathogens. It is home to the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC), with its bio-defense agency, the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). It also hosts the National Cancer Institute-Frederick (NCI-Frederick)[1] and is home to the National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research (NICBR)[2] and National Interagency Biodefense Campus (NIBC).
...
World War II and BW research (1943–45)
Main article: United States biological weapons program
During World War II, Camp Detrick and the USBWL became the site of intensive biological warfare (BW) research using various pathogens. This research was originally overseen by pharmaceuticals executive George W. Merck and for many years was conducted by Ira L. Baldwin, professor of bacteriology at the University of Wisconsin. Baldwin became the first scientific director of the labs. He chose Detrick Field for the site of this exhaustive research effort because of its balance between remoteness of location and proximity to Washington, DC – as well as to Edgewood Arsenal, the focal point of U.S. chemical warfare research. Buildings and other facilities left from the old airfield – including the large hangar – provided the nucleus of support needed for the startup. The 92 acres (37 ha) of Detrick Field were also surrounded by extensive farmlands that could be procured if and when the BW effort was expanded.[4]
The Army's Chemical Warfare Service was given responsibility and oversight for the effort that one officer described as "cloaked in the deepest wartime secrecy, matched only by ... the Manhattan Project for developing the Atomic Bomb".[5] Three months after the start of construction, an additional $3 million was provided for five additional laboratories and a pilot plant. Lt. Col. Bacon was authorized 85 officers, 373 enlisted personnel, and 80 enlisted Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) members under two WAAC officers. At its peak strength in 1945, Camp Detrick had 240 officers and 1,530 enlisted personnel including WACs.[6]
Post-war years (1946–55)
The elaborate security precautions taken at Camp Detrick were so effective that it was not until January 1946, 4 months after VJ Day that the public learned of the war-time research in biological weapons.[7]
In 1952, the Army purchased over 500 acres (200 ha) more of land located between West 7th Street and Oppossumtown Pike to expand the permanent research and development facilities.
Two workers at the base died from exposure to anthrax in the 1950s. Another died in 1964 from viral encephalitis.[8]
There was a building on the base, Building 470, locally referred to as "Anthrax Tower". Building 470 was a pilot plant for testing optimal fermentor and bacterial purification technologies. The information gained in this pilot plant shaped the fermentor technology that was ultimately used by the pharmaceutical industry to revolutionize production of antibiotics and other drugs. Building 470 was torn down in 2003 without any adverse effects on the demolition workers or the environment. The facility acquired the nickname "Fort Doom" while offensive biological warfare research was undertaken there. 5,000 bombs containing anthrax spores were produced at the base during World War II.[8]
From 1945 to 1955 under Project Paperclip and its successors, the U.S. government recruited over 1,600 German and Austrian scientists and engineers in a variety of fields such as aircraft design, missile technology and biological warfare. Among the specialists in the latter field who ended up working in the U.S. were Walter Schreiber, Erich Traub and Kurt Blome, who had been involved with medical experiments on concentration camp inmates to test biological warfare agents. Since Britain, France and the Soviet Union were also engaged in recruiting these scientists, the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) wished to deny their services to other powers, and therefore altered or concealed the records of their Nazi past and involvement in war crimes.[9]
Testing performed on Seventh-day Adventists, 1940–1974
The U.S. General Accounting Office issued a report on September 28, 1994, which stated that between 1940 and 1974, DOD and other national security agencies studied hundreds of thousands of human subjects in tests and experiments involving hazardous substances.
The quote from the study:
Many experiments that tested various biological agents on human subjects, referred to as Operation Whitecoat, were carried out at Fort Detrick, Maryland, in the 1950s. The human subjects originally consisted of volunteer enlisted men. However, after the enlisted men staged a sitdown strike to obtain more information about the dangers of the biological tests, Seventh-day Adventists (SDAs) who were conscientious objectors were recruited for the studies.[10]
The Army purchased an additional 147 acres (59 ha) in 1946 to increase the size of the original "Area A" as well as 398 acres (161 ha) located west of Area A, but not contiguous to it, to provide a test area known as Area B. In 1952, another 502.76 acres (203.5 ha) were purchased between West 7th Street and Oppossumtown Pike to expand the permanent research and development facilities.
Jeffrey Alan Lockwood wrote in 2009 that the biological warfare program at Ft. Detrick began to research the use of insects as disease vectors going back to World War II and also employed German and Japanese scientists after the war who had experimented on human subjects among POWs and concentration camp inmates. Scientists used or attempted to use a wide variety of insects in their biowar plans, including fleas, ticks, ants, lice and mosquitoes – especially mosquitoes that carried the yellow fever virus. They also tested these in the United States. Lockwood thinks that it is very likely that the U.S. did use insects dropped from aircraft during the Korean War to spread diseases, and that the Chinese and North Koreans were not simply engaged in a propaganda campaign when they made these allegations, since the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of Defense had approved their use in the fall of 1950 at the "earliest practicable time". At that time, it had five biowarfare agents ready for use, three of which were spread by insect vectors.[11]
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Detrick
Research into deadly viruses and biological weapons at US army lab shut down over fears they could escape
America’s main biological warfare lab has been ordered to stop all research into the deadliest viruses and pathogens over fears contaminated waste could leak out of the facility.
Fort Detrick, in Maryland, has been the epicentre of the US Army’s bioweapons research since the beginning of the Cold War.
But last month the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – the government’s public health body – stripped the base of its license to handle highly restricted “select agents”, which includes Ebola, smallpox and anthrax.
The unusual move follows an inspection by the CDC at Fort Detrick which found several problems with new procedures used to decontaminate waste water.
For years the facility used a steam sterilisation plant to treat waste water, but after a storm flooded and ruined that machinery last year, Fort Detrick switched to a new chemical-based decontamination system.
But the CDC inspectors found the new procedures were not sufficient, with both mechanical failures causing leaks and researchers failing to properly follow the rules.
As a result, the organisation sent a “cease and desist” order to Fort Detrick, forcing it to suspend all research on select agents.
Although the United States officially abandoned its biological weapons programme in 1969, Fort Detrick has continued defensive research into deadly pathogens on the list of “select agents”, including the Ebola virus, the organisms that cause the plague, and the highly toxic poison ricin.
In 2009, research at Fort Detrick was suspended because it was discovered it was storing pathogens which were not listed on its inventory.
The regulations on keeping close track of hazardous biological material were tightened after the 2001 anthrax attacks, which saw five people die after spores were posted to several media newsrooms and Democratic senators.
The FBI’s chief suspect in the 2001 case, Bruce Ivins, was a senior biological weapons researcher at Fort Detrick. He killed himself in 2008, shortly before the FBI was planning to charge him with the attacks.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/virus-biological-us-army-weapons-fort-detrick-leak-ebola-anthrax-smallpox-ricin-a9042641.html
A South African scientist has told the Truth and Reconciliation Commission that the apartheid government considered trying to develop a bacteria which would kill only blacks.
The former head of a military research laboratory, Daan Goosen, told the commission that the project had the backing of South Africa's then Surgeon General, who described it as "the most important project in the country."
Although the substance was never developed, Mr Goosen said that an unknown European scientist claimed to have developed a strain of bacteria in the early 1980s "capable of killing pigmented people".
"It could have been used as a negotiation back-up," Mr Goosen told the Commission. "A thing like this could have been used to maintain peace. It was a case of being the strongest."
Plans to travel to Europe for a meeting were abandoned because of fears that it could be a trap, but the witness said South African scientists continued their own work on the project, and also looked into methods of making blacks selectively infertile.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/110947.stm
L’Afrique du Sud, ex-laboratoire secret de bio-terrorisme des démocraties
Dans les années 80, le système d’Apartheid était menacé en Afrique du Sud. Le régime lança un programme secret de recherche biologique et chimique nommé Project Coast. Son objectif était la production de substances mortelles éthniquement sélectives, permettant de réduire la population noire. On ignore combien de personnes sont mortes dans ces expériences. Le chiffre de plusieurs milliers est avancé. Le directeur du projet, le docteur Wouter Basson, a été acquitté le 12 avril 2002 à l’issu d’un procès controversé. Aujourd’hui, le scandale éclabousse la Suisse qui aurait collaboré aux recherches du « docteur la Mort ». Il semble, en effet, que pour contourner les traités de non-prolifération d’armes de destruction massive, plusieurs démocraties aient fait sous-traiter leurs recherches par le régime de l’Apartheid.
https://www.voltairenet.org/article8655.html
Wouter Basson, un médecin sud-africain qui était à la tête d’un programme secret de développement d’armes chimiques, a été déclaré coupable de violation de l’éthique médicale par le Conseil de l’ordre, 11 ans après avoir été acquitté par la justice.
On l’appelait le «Docteur La Mort», qui voulait «trouver des solutions médicales à un problème politique». Quelques jours après la mort de Nelson Mandela, la condamnation de Wouter Basson par le Conseil de l’ordre rappelle à l’Afrique du Sud ses heures les plus sombres. Le cardiologue, médecin militaire au grade de général, était depuis 1981 à la tête d’un programme chimique secret du régime de l’apartheid, le Project Coast. Acquitté en 2002 par la justice, c’est le Conseil de l’ordre qui l’a finalement condamné après deux décennies pendant lesquelles il a continué d’exercer son métier comme si de rien n’était. Il a été déclaré coupable de violation de l’éthique médicale mercredi lors d’une audience à Pretoria pour laquelle il ne s’est pas déplacé –il avait, selon ses avocats, une urgence avec un patient. Cela faisait sept ans que le Conseil de l’ordre étudiait le cas du cardiologue, qui sera fixé en février prochain sur sa sentence. Il encourt la révocation à vie, selon Sowetan.
«Aujourd’hui, la vérité a vaincu, il est évident qu’il a usé de ses connaissances médicales pour tuer des gens innocents», a déclaré au «Mail & Guardian» Lizzie Sofolo, dont le mari a été enlevé, torturé et tué à la fin des années 1980, le tout pour «tester» les armes mises au point par Wouter Basson. «Le Dr Basson répétait qu’il agissait en soldat, mais il demeurait membre du Conseil de l’ordre et cela le lie à des valeurs citoyennes», a expliqué Buyiswa Mjamba-Matshoba, qui préside le Conseil.
La "bombe noire", une arme chimique raciste
La mission de Wouter Basson, médecin personnel du président Pieter Botha, était de mettre au point des armes chimiques et biologiques pour lutter contre le «terrorisme» d’alors: les militants anti-apartheid et la population noire. En tout, plus de 200 personnes ont été tuées par les membres du Project Coast en Afrique du Sud, en Namibie et en Angola. Un des grands objectifs du «Mengele sud-africain» a été de mettre au point la «bombe noire», une arme chimique qui n’aurait touché –affaibli ou tué– que la population noire.
Un programme pour contrôler la fertilité des noirs aurait également été étudié afin de «limiter la croissance de la population noire», écrit Helen E. Purkitt dans «South Africa’s Weapons of Mass Destruction». Des souches d’anthrax, du choléra, du botulisme et d’autres pathologies ont été isolées et travaillées par le Project Coast. Ce dernier a également collecté des armes chimiques comme du gaz moutarde.
Les activistes de l’ANC étaient particulièrement visés afin de tester les produits mis au point par le Dr Basson et ses équipes. Un des cas les plus emblématiques est celui d’un groupe de dix jeunes hommes engagés dans un groupe extrême de l’ANC, Umkhonto weSizwe, enlevés et drogués en 1987. L’enquête menée par la Commission vérité et réconciliation (CVR), après l’abolition de l’apartheid, a prouvé que les membres du Project Coast se sont débarrassés de leurs corps en les plaçant dans un véhicule projeté contre un arbre, et qui a finalement explosé. «Nous voulons juste que cette histoire soit derrière nous. Cela dure depuis des années, pourquoi est-ce que ça ne finit pas?», a demandé Maria Ntuli, dont le fils Jeremiah faisait partie des «accidentés».
https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/International/Wouter-Basson-Le-Dr-Mengele-sud-africain-enfin-coupable-541057
Dr Wouter Basson, the man who headed South Africa's apartheid-era germ warfare programme, has been acquitted on charges of murder, conspiracy, fraud and drug possession.
"I find the accused not guilty on all the charges," Judge Willie Hartzenberg said as the judgment was read out in the courtroom in Pretoria.
They (the prosecutors) had to prove beyond all doubt that the accused was guilty. That they did not do
Judge Willie Hartzenberg
Dr Basson, dubbed "Dr Death" by the media for his alleged attempts to perfect killing, showed little reaction, just smiled briefly as he was found not guilty on 46 charges.
The ruling African National Congress condemned the verdict as "outrageously bad," said ANC spokesman Smuts Ngonyama.
"The justice system has let us down on this case," he added, describing the verdict as "a clear case of the protection of an individual who has killed people".
Plans to appeal
Prosecutors have accused Mr Hartzenberg of favouring Mr Basson throughout the trial, and the government plans to appeal the verdict before a panel of judges, Sipho Ngwema, a spokesman for the National Director of Public Prosecutions said.
The court was packed with white supporters of the 51-year-old cardiologist and they applauded the decision when the decision was read out.
...
Horrific experiments
Witnesses had testified to a catalogue of killing methods ranging from the grotesque to the horrific:
Project Coast sought to create "smart" poisons, which would only affect blacks, and hoarded enough cholera and anthrax to start epidemics.
Naked black men were tied to trees, smeared with a poisonous gel and left overnight to see if they would die. When the experiment failed, they were put to death with injections of muscle relaxants.
Weapon ideas included sugar laced with salmonella, cigarettes with anthrax, chocolates with botulism and whisky with herbicide.
'Following orders'
Dr Basson said at the trial he had only been following orders and portrayed himself as a scientist who had sought ways to combat potato blight and a hepatitis-A epidemic.
Responding to the charge that he had embezzled state funds, he said the government had practically provided him with a blank cheque for his work, which took him all over the world for clandestine meetings with agents.
He was arrested in 1997 on charges of selling ecstasy to a police informant - illegal drug production was one arm of Operation Coast's operations.
That arrest shed light on the germ warfare unit's work and Dr Basson finally went on trial in October 1999.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1923000.stm
....
Read that again. It sure sounds like China has a problem keeping dangerous pathogens in test tubes where they belong, doesn’t it? And just how many “microbiology labs” are there in China that handle “advanced viruses like the novel coronavirus”?
It turns out that in all of China, there is only one. And this one is located in the Chinese city of Wuhan that just happens to be … the epicenter of the epidemic.
That’s right. China’s only Level 4 microbiology lab that is equipped to handle deadly coronaviruses, called the National Biosafety Laboratory, is part of the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
What’s more, the People’s Liberation Army’s top expert in biological warfare, a Maj. Gen. Chen Wei, was dispatched to Wuhan at the end of January to help with the effort to contain the outbreak.
According to the PLA Daily, Chen has been researching coronaviruses since the SARS outbreak of 2003, as well as Ebola and anthrax. This would not be her first trip to the Wuhan Institute of Virology, either, since it is one of only two bioweapons research labs in all of China.
Add to this China’s history of similar incidents. Even the deadly SARS virus has escaped — twice — from the Beijing lab where it was (and probably is) being used in experiments. Both “man-made” epidemics were quickly contained, but neither would have happened at all if proper safety precautions had been taken.
And then there is this little-known fact: Some Chinese researchers are in the habit of selling their laboratory animals to street vendors after they have finished experimenting on them.
You heard me right.
Instead of properly disposing of infected animals by cremation, as the law requires, they sell them on the side to make a little extra cash. Or, in some cases, a lot of extra cash. One Beijing researcher, now in jail, made a million dollars selling his monkeys and rats on the live animal market, where they eventually wound up in someone’s stomach.
Also fueling suspicions about SARS-CoV-2’s origins is the series of increasingly lame excuses offered by the Chinese authorities as people began to sicken and die.
They first blamed a seafood market not far from the Institute of Virology, even though the first documented cases of Covid-19 (the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2) involved people who had never set foot there. Then they pointed to snakes, bats and even a cute little scaly anteater called a pangolin as the source of the virus.
I don’t buy any of this. It turns out that snakes don’t carry coronaviruses and that bats aren’t sold at a seafood market. Neither, for that matter, are pangolins, an endangered species valued for their scales as much as for their meat.
The evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology. The virus may have been carried out of the lab by an infected worker or crossed over into humans when they unknowingly dined on a lab animal. Whatever the vector, Beijing authorities are now clearly scrambling to correct the serious problems with the way their labs handle deadly pathogens.
China has unleashed a plague on its own people. It’s too early to say how many in China and other countries will ultimately die for the failures of their country’s state-run microbiology labs, but the human cost will be high.
But not to worry. Xi has assured us that he is controlling biosecurity risks “to protect the people’s health.” PLA bioweapons experts are in charge.
I doubt the Chinese people will find that very reassuring. Neither should we.
https://nypost.com/2020/02/22/dont-buy-chinas-story-the-coronavirus-may-have-leaked-from-a-lab/
Xi began fighting the virus earlier than previously known, a newly published speech indicates.
Under fire for its initial response to the coronavirus epidemic, China’s authoritarian government appears to be pushing a new account of events that presents President Xi Jinping as taking early action to fight the outbreak that has convulsed the country.
But in doing so, the authorities have acknowledged for the first time that Mr. Xi was aware of the epidemic nearly two weeks before he first spoke publicly about it — and while officials at its epicenter in the city of Wuhan were still playing down its dangers.
That new account risks drawing the president, China’s most powerful leader in decades, directly into questions about whether top officials did too little, too late.
In the newly released internal speech that Mr. Xi delivered on Feb. 3, when the epidemic had already spiraled into a national crisis, the Chinese president said he had “issued demands about the efforts to prevent and control” the coronavirus on Jan. 7, during a meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee, the highest council of the Communist Party, whose sessions are typically very secretive.
In the speech, he also said he had authorized the unprecedented lockdown of Wuhan and other cities beginning on Jan. 23.
“I have at every moment monitored the spread of the epidemic and progress in efforts to curtail it, constantly issuing oral orders and also instructions,” Mr. Xi said of his more recent involvement.
Mr. Xi’s advisers may have hoped that publishing the speech would dispel speculation about his recent retreat from public view and reassure his people that he can be trusted to lead them out of the epidemic.
The speech could expose Mr. Xi to criticism that he didn’t treat the initial threat urgently enough, and make it difficult for him to shift blame onto local officials for what many see as the government’s early mishandling of the epidemic.
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The remarks also raise questions about what top leaders knew at the time and what instructions they issued based on that knowledge.
In early January, leaders in Wuhan, the city at the epicenter of the outbreak, were giving open assurances that there was no clear evidence of human-to-human transmission.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/15/world/asia/coronavirus-china-live-updates.html
Meanwhile, the Hubei regional government continued to conceal the real number of coronavirus cases until after local officials had met with the central government in mid-January. In the event, overbearing censorship and bureaucratic obfuscation had squandered any opportunity to get the virus under control before it had spread across Wuhan, a city of 14 million people. By January 23, when the government finally announced a quarantine on Wuhan residents, around five million people had already left the city, triggering the epidemic that is now spreading across China and the rest of the world.
When the true scale of the epidemic finally became, Chinese public opinion reflected a predictable mix of anger, anxiety, and despair. People took to the Internet to vent their rage and frustration. But it did not take long for the state to crack down, severely limiting the ability of journalists and concerned citizens to share information about the crisis.
Then, on February 3, after Xi had chaired the Standing Committee’s second meeting on the epidemic, the CPC’s propaganda apparatus was ordered to “guide public opinion and strengthen information control.” In practice, this means that cutting-edge AI and big-data technologies are being used to monitor the entirety of Chinese public opinion online. The controlocracy is now running at full throttle, with facial-, image-, and voice-recognition algorithms being used to anticipate and suppress any potential criticism of the government, and to squelch all “unofficial” information about the epidemic.
On February 7, Li Wenliang, one of the physician-whistleblowers who tried to sound the alarm about the outbreak, died of coronavirus, which unleashed a firestorm on social media. The Chinese public is already commemorating him as a hero and victim who tried to tell the truth. Millions have taken to social media to express their grief, and to demand an apology from the Chinese government and freedom of expression.
For the first time since coming to power, Xi’s high-tech censorship machine is meeting with intense resistance from millions of Chinese Internet users. The controlocracy is being put to the test. Most likely, though, the outbreak itself will be used to justify even more surveillance and control of the population.
Xi is an unabashed dictator. But his dictatorship is far from “perfect.” His obsessive need to control information has deprived Chinese citizens of their right to know what is happening in their communities, and potentially within their own bodies.
As of February 9, the outbreak has killed more than 900 people and infected another 40,000 in over 25 countries. For all its advanced digital technologies and extraordinary economic and military power, China is being governed as if it were a pre-modern autocracy. The Chinese people deserve better. Unfortunately, they and the rest of the world will continue to pay a high price for Xi’s hi-tech despotism.
https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/xi-controlocracy-spread-coronavirus-by-xiao-qiang-2020-02
Arrestation d'un professeur de Harvard :
US Attorney's Office arrested, charged a Harvard professor for aiding Chinese economic espionage, research theft
Transcription par Youtube :
we're here today to announce three separate cases highlighting the ongoingthreat posed by Chinese economic espionage and research theft in theUnited States first the arrest today of a Harvard University professor for lyingabout his participation in a Chinese foreign recruitment program second thismorning we have unsealed a separate indictment of a Chinese national working as a scientific researcher at Boston University who failed to mention on her visa application that she is also a
lieutenant with the People's Liberation Army finally this office has indicted another Chinese national for trying to smuggle vials of biological material out of the United States to China and lying about it federal investigators that defendant whose entry to the United States had been sponsored by Harvard
University was a cancer researcher at a lab at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center this is not an accident or a coincidence this is a small sample of China's ongoing campaign to siphon off American technology and know-how for Chinese game no country poses a greater or more severe and long-term threat to our national security and economic prosperity than China China's communist government's goal simply put is to replace the United States as the world's leading superpower and they're breaking
the law to get there Massachusetts is a target-rich environment with world-class academic institutions research facilities hospitals clear defense contractors and startups and each and every one of them are in danger of having their research development and investments stolen right out from under them the ruling Communist Party of the People's Republic of China wants what we have so they can get the upper hand on us
Locals, doctors say nose and throat swabs are at times throwing up false negatives; medical experts fear outbreak is larger than Chinese data show
WUHAN, China—Coughing badly, Zhu Chunxia sat on a sidewalk in the rain on Monday, awaiting transport to a facility where her apartment complex’s residential committee said she could be treated for the new coronavirus sweeping through this central Chinese city.
The ride never came. Though her doctor was almost certain she was infected with the virus, a throat-swab test she had taken came back negative, which meant the facility wouldn’t take her.
...
https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-outbreaks-center-wuhan-residents-question-accuracy-of-virus-tests-11581454218?mod=hp_lead_pos6
Seemingly providing more anecdotal evidence that the Covid-19 outbreak was caused by an accidental leak of a bio-engineered virus and not by some freak of nature in Wuhan's market, China's Communist Party has issued a serious "Wartime Order" demanding more care and containment be taken with virus handling. Specifically:
“Strengthen laboratory management and resolutely put an end to the theft, leakage, and loss of pathogenic bacteria (poisons) and various samples...”
...
“These narratives of escaped pathogens have common themes,” argued an analysis of biocontainment failures by medical historian Martin Furmanski in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
“There are unrecognized technical flaws in standard biocontainment...
The first infection, or index case, happens in a person not working directly with the pathogen that infects him or her, as in the smallpox and SARS escapes. Poor training of personnel and slack oversight of laboratory procedures negate policy efforts by national and international bodies to achieve biosecurity, as shown in the SARS and smallpox escapes.”
https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/china-vows-put-end-lab-leakage-pathogenic-samples
Note : l'article suivant a été invalidé puisque des études complémentaires ont montré d'après l'auteur que la strucutre d'ADN incriminée proviendrait finalement de virus connus. L'auteur cependant suit les évolutions et affirme que cela n'empêche pas que le virus ait été libéré par inadvertance par un laboratoire. En tout cas, l'auteur continue de suivre cette "affaire".
James Lyons-Weiler, PhD – 1/30/2020
RECOMBINATION technology has been in use in molecular virology since the 1980’s. The structure of the 2019-NCoV virus genome provides a very strong clue on the likely origin of the virus.
Unlike other related coronaviruses, the 2019-nCoV virus has a unique sequence about 1,378 bp (nucleotide base pairs) long that is not found in related coronaviruses.
There is no doubt that there is a novel sequence in 2019-nCoV; we confirmed this via sequence alignment. Here’s the DOT plot:
The gap in the line shows a lack of sequence homology beween the most similar bat coronavirus and 2019-nCoV. The inserted sequence, which should not be there is here:
....
This led to criticism on Wired(3) with quote dismissing the snake origin hypothesis as lacking evidence. There is, however, clear evidence that the novel sequence, which I will refer to henceforth as INS1378, is from a laboratory-induced recombination event. Specifically,
(1) The sequence similarity to other coronavirus sequences is lower to its most similar sequences in any coronavirus than the rest of the genome (IPAK finding)
(2) The high sequence similarity of INS1378 to a SARS spike protein (2; IPAK Confirmed).
(3) We also found significant sequence similarity of INS1378 to a pShuttle-SN vector that was in use in the 1980’s in China to create a more immunogenic coronavirus (IPAK finding, details below, Option 4).
https://jameslyonsweiler.com/2020/01/30/on-the-origins-of-the-2019-ncov-virus-wuhan-china/
Senator Cotton followed up this tweet with another, in which he effectively suggested that the coronavirus had in fact escaped from China's only level four biohazard superlab (located conveniently in Wuhan), stating that "we still don’t know where coronavirus originated. Could have been a market, a farm, a food processing company. I would note that Wuhan has China’s only biosafety level-four super laboratory that works with the world’s most deadly pathogens to include, yes, coronavirus."
And despite China's best efforts to downplay this scary possibility with countless articles written in China's state-owned press "disproving" that the virus was in fact an escaped Chinese bioweapon, such as this one from Caixin "Shi Zhengli responds to questioning experts agree that the new crown virus is not artificial", while censoring any allegation across its social medias that the Wuhan Institute was the origin of the virus, last Friday the White House finally stepped in and with more than a month's delay, and one week after Cotton's controversial tweet, the Trump administration formally asked scientists if the virus was indeed a Chinese man-made bioweapon (needless to say, an affirmative answer would put whoever it is at twitter that suspended our account in a rather unpleasant position).
That did not prevent China from theatrically getting increasingly more angry at the mere suggestion that the virus which some claim has now infected over 1.5 million people, was a product of the Wuhan Institute of Virology - as if by simply feigning outrage it could convince the world's population that it had nothing to do in the spread of nCoV despite clear and glaring evidence to the contrary - and on Sunday, the Chinese Ambassador to the U.S. Cui Tiankai slammed Senator Cotton for doing just what we did first, namely suggesting the coronavirus could have been created in a Chinese biological warfare lab.
"I think it’s true that a lot is still unknown and our scientists, Chinese scientists, American scientists, scientists of other countries, are doing their best to learn more about the virus, but it’s very harmful, it’s very dangerous, to stir up suspicion, rumors and spread them among the people," he said.
It wasn't clear if the "suspicion" would be more dangerous than the consequences of arresting your own Whuan whistleblower doctor who tried to warn the world of the imminent danger from the Coronavirus (and who later died after a brief and unsuccessful battle with the virus)? Or maybe it was more dangerous than urging the world to ignore the fact that China has put 400 million of its own in people in over 60 cities on lockdown, and continue flying commercial to China, pretending nothing is happening and ignoring video clips from Wuhan showing local crematoria working 24/7 to dispose of bodies killed by the viral pandemic (without being add to the list of diseases casualties).
No, you see, what Tiankai was concerned about is that the possibility that China created a plague that is now killing its own population, could cause a panic: "For one thing, this will create panic,” Cui said, adding that it would also "fan up racial discrimination and xenophobia."
Here one also wonders what will create a bigger panic: the fact that China is arresting "whistleblower doctors", drags away and sequesters anyone who refuses to be put under forced quarantine, and appears to fabricate data involving the epidemic, or cracks down on anyone asking the most reasonable question - did China's top bioweapon institute, located in Wuhan, spark the deadliest pandemic in decades, which started in... Wuhan?
But yes, we are delighted to see that China has now also stooped to using the oldest trick in the liberal playbook: "...but it's racist."
https://www.zerohedge.com/health/angry-chinese-ambassador-slams-us-senator-absolutely-crazy-theory-coronavirus-biological
Wuhan Institute Of Virology And Chinese Army Submit Patent For Gilead Anti-Ebola Drug To Fight Coronavirus
Amid growing speculation that nCoV-2019, aka novel coronavirus, aka the virus behind the Wuhan Coronavirus epidemic, was developed in a lab (and not just any lab, but the BSL-4 rated "biological weapons" grade Wuhan Institute of Virology, located in... well, Wuhan) which was then released accidentally (or not) among the broader population - a thesis which China's official press is scrambling to refute even as more supportive evidence emerges by the day - we would like to point out that earlier this week, the Wuhan Institute of Virology, which as Nature in 2017 said studies the "world's most dangerous pathogens", has jointly with the Military Medicine Institute of the People’s Liberation Army Academy of Military Science, i.e. with China's Army, applied to patent the use of Gilead Sciences’ remdesivir to treat the current coronavirus outbreak.
The company has partnered with Chinese health authorities to run a Phase III clinical trial to assess remdesivir for treatment of the virus. The drug was originally developed to treat the Ebola virus, but wasn’t effective. According to preclinical assays the drug might be effective against the coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, as was published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). The drug was given to a U.S. patient for compassionate use on day seven of the disease and their condition improved on day eight.
The new clinical trial of an anti-Ebola drug to fight Coronavirus, will be conducted at Friendship Hospital in Beijing, China. The trial will enroll 270 patients with mild and moderate pneumonia caused by the virus.
“Gilead is working closely with global health authorities to respond to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak through the appropriate experimental use of our investigational compound remdesivir. While there are no antiviral data for remdesivir that show activity against 2019-nCoV at this time, available data in other coronaviruses give us hope,” the company stated.
...
The Wuhan Institute submitted the patent application jointly with the Military Medicine Institute of the People’s Liberation Army Academy of Military Science. Researchers with both organizations noted in a paper published in Nature’s Cell Research this week that both remdesivir and chloroquine, used to treat malaria, may be effective in stalling the coronavirus.
That said, "even if the Wuhan Institute’s application gets authorized, the role is very limited because Gilead still owns the fundamental patent of the drug,” said Zhao Youbin, a Shanghai-based intellectual property attorney at Purplevine IP Service Co. “Any exploitation of the patent must seek approval from Gilead."
The Wuhan Institute indicated it filed the patent application on January 21 - days before China started officially releasing case information to the public, prompting questions how the Institute was so well prepared and knew just what the appropriate treatment against Coronavirus may be, but also noted it would temporarily drop the patent claims if it had the opportunity to collaborate with foreign biopharma companies to battle the epidemic.
https://www.zerohedge.com/health/wuhan-institute-virology-and-chinese-army-submit-patent-gilead-anti-ebola-drug-fight
Coronavirus Contains "HIV Insertions", Stoking Fears Over Artificially Created Bioweapon
Over the past few days, the mainstream press has vigorously pushed back against a theory about the origins of the coronavirus that has now infected as many as 70,000+ people in Wuhan alone (depending on whom you believe). The theory is that China obtained the coronavirus via a Canadian research program, and started molding it into a bioweapon at the Institute of Virology in Wuhan. Politifact pointed the finger at Zero Hedge, in particular, though the story was widely shared across independent-leaning media.
The theory is that the virus, which was developed by infectious disease experts to function as a bio-weapon, originated in the Wuhan-based lab of Dr. Peng Zhou, China's preeminent researcher of bat immune systems, specifically in how their immune systems adapt to the presence of viruses like coronavirus and other destructive viruses. Somehow, the virus escaped from the lab, and the Hunan fish market where the virus supposedly originated is merely a ruse.
Now, a respected epidemiologist who recently caught flack for claiming in a twitter threat that the virus appeared to be much more contagious than initially believed is pointing out irregularities in the virus's genome that suggests it might have been genetically engineered for the purposes of a weapon, and not just any weapon but the deadliest one of all.
In "Uncanny similarity of unique inserts in the 2019-nCoV spike protein to HIV-1 gp120 and Gag", Indian researchers are baffled by segments of the virus's RNA that have no relation to other coronaviruses like SARS, and instead appear to be closer to HIV. The virus even responds to treatment by HIV medications.
...
We then translated the aligned genome and found that these inserts are present in all Wuhan 2019-nCoV viruses except the 2019-nCoV virus of Bat as a host [Fig.S4]. Intrigued by the 4 highly conserved inserts unique to 2019-nCoV we wanted to understand their origin. For this purpose, we used the 2019-nCoV local alignment with each insert as query against all virus genomes and considered hits with 100% sequence coverage. Surprisingly, each of the four inserts aligned with short segments of the Human immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) proteins. The amino acid positions of the inserts in 2019-nCoV and the corresponding residues in HIV-1 gp120 and HIV-1 Gag are shown in Table 1.
The first 3 inserts (insert 1,2 and 3) aligned to short segments of amino acid residues in HIV-1 gp120. The insert 4 aligned to HIV-1 Gag. The insert 1 (6 amino acid residues) and insert 2 (6 amino acid residues) in the spike glycoprotein of 2019-nCoV are 100% identical to the residues mapped to HIV-1 gp120. The insert 3 (12 amino acid residues) in 2019- nCoV maps to HIV-1 gp120 with gaps [see Table 1]. The insert 4 (8 amino acid residues) maps to HIV-1 Gag with gaps.
Why do the authors think the virus may be man-made? Because when looking at the above insertions which are not present in any of the closest coronavirus families, "it is quite unlikely for a virus to have acquired such unique insertions naturally in a short duration of time." Instead, they can be found in cell identification and membrane binding proteins located in the HIV genome.
https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/coronavirus-contains-hiv-insertions-stoking-fears-over-artificially-created-bioweapon
Uncanny similarity of unique inserts in the 2019-nCoV spike protein to HIV-1 gp120 and Gag
We are currently witnessing a major epidemic caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV). The evolution of 2019-nCoV remains elusive. We found 4 insertions in the spike glycoprotein (S) which are unique to the 2019-nCoV and are not present in other coronaviruses. Importantly, amino acid residues in all the 4 inserts have identity or similarity to those in the HIV-1 gp120 or HIV-1 Gag. Interestingly, despite the inserts being discontinuous on the primary amino acid sequence, 3D-modelling of the 2019-nCoV suggests that they converge to constitute the receptor binding site. The finding of 4 unique inserts in the 2019-nCoV, all of which have identity /similarity to amino acid residues in key structural proteins of HIV-1 is unlikely to be fortuitous in nature. This work provides yet unknown insights on 2019-nCoV and sheds light on the evolution and pathogenicity of this virus with important implications for diagnosis of this virus.
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927871v1
Francis Boyle is a professor of international law at the University of Illinois College of Law. He drafted the U.S. domestic implementing legislation for the Biological Weapons Convention, known as the Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989, that was approved unanimously by both Houses of the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President George H.W. Bush.
In an exclusive interview given to Geopolitics and Empire, Dr. Boyle discusses the coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China and the Biosafety Level 4 laboratory (BSL-4) from which he believes the infectious disease escaped. He believes the virus is potentially lethal and an offensive biological warfare weapon or dual-use biowarfare weapons agent genetically modified with gain of function properties, which is why the Chinese government originally tried to cover it up and is now taking drastic measures to contain it.
The Wuhan BSL-4 lab is also a specially designated World Health Organization (WHO) research lab and Dr. Boyle contends that the WHO knows full well what is occurring.
Dr. Boyle also touches upon GreatGameIndia‘s exclusive report Coronavirus Bioweapon – where we reported in detail how Chinese Biowarfare agents working at the Canadian lab in Winnipeg were involved in the smuggling of Coronavirus to Wuhan’s lab from where it is believed to have been leaked.
Dr. Boyle’s position is in stark contrast to the mainstream media’s narrative of the virus being originated from the seafood market, which is increasingly being questioned by many experts.
Recently, American Senator Tom Cotton of Arkansas also dismantled the mainstream media’s claim on Thursday that pinned the coronavirus outbreak on a market selling dead and live animals.
In a video accompanying his post, Cotton explained that the Wuhan wet market (which Cotton incorrectly referred to as a seafood market) has been shown by experts to not be the source of the deadly contagion.
Cotton referenced a Lancet study which showed that many of the first cases of the novel coronavirus, including patient zero, had no connection to the wet market — devastatingly undermining mainstream media’s claim.
“As one epidemiologist said: ‘That virus went into the seafood market before it came out of the seafood market.’ We still don’t know where it originated,” Cotton said.
“I would note that Wuhan also has China’s only bio-safety level four super laboratory that works with the world’s most deadly pathogens to include, yes, coronavirus.”
...
Meanwhile, the mainstream media’s narrative still maintains that the origin of the 2019 Coronavirus is the Wuhan Seafood Market. After GreatGameIndia published the story on Coronavirus Bioweapon – not only were our databse tinkered with and our reports blocked by Facebook on the flimsy reason that they could not find GreatGameIndia Facebook page, but the report itself was viciously attacked by Foreign Policy magazine, PolitiFact (known widely as Facebook’s propaganda arm) and BuzzFeedNews.
It is not GreatGameIndia alone which is being viciously attacked. Zero Hedge, a popular alternate media blog was suspended by Twitter for publishing a story related to a study by Indian scientists finding 2019 Wuhan Coronavirus to be not naturally evolved, raising the possibility of it being created in a lab. Shockingly, the study itself came under intense online criticism by Social Media experts resulting in the scientists withdrawing the paper.
In retaliation India has launched a full-scale investigation against China’s Wuhan Institute of Virology. The Indian government has ordered an inquiry into a study conducted in the Northeastern state of Nagaland (close to China) by researchers from the U.S., China and India on bats and humans carrying antibodies to deadly viruses like Ebola.
The study came under the scanner as two of the 12 researchers belonged to the Wuhan Institute of Virology’s Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, and it was funded by the United States Department of Defense’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA).
The study, conducted by scientists of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), the Wuhan Institute of Virology, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in the U.S. and the Duke-National University in Singapore, is now being investigated for how the scientists were allowed to access live samples of bats and bat hunters (humans) without due permissions.
The results of the study were published in October last year in the PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases journal, originally established by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
As the author J.R. Nyquist puts it:
We must have an investigation of the outbreak in Wuhan. The Chinese must grant the world total transparency. The truth must come out. If Chinese officials are innocent, they have nothing to hide. If they are guilty, they will refuse to cooperate.
The real concern here is whether the rest of the world has the courage to demand a real and thorough investigation. We need to be fearless in this demand and not allow “economic interests” to play a coy and dishonest game of denial. We need an honest inquiry. We need it now.
https://www.zerohedge.com/health/creator-bioweapons-act-says-coronavirus-biological-warfare-weapon
Chine : 17 nouveaux cas du mystérieux virus, des centaines de contaminations redoutées
CONTAGION - Dix-sept nouvelles personnes, âgées de 30 et 79 ans, ont contracté le mystérieux virus apparenté au Sras, qui a déjà fait deux morts en Chine. Les scientifiques craignent que la contamination soit beaucoup plus répandue.
19 janv. 07:42 - La rédaction de LCI
L'épidémie se propage en Asie. La Chine a fait état dimanche 19 janvier de 17 nouveaux cas du mystérieux virus apparu à Wuhan et de la même famille que le Sras - syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère -, dont trois patients dans un état grave, ce qui alimente les inquiétudes avant les grands chassés-croisés du Nouvel An chinois. La contagion fait aussi craindre une nouvelle crise comme celle du Sras, hautement transmissible, qui avait tué 650 personnes en Chine et à Hong Kong en 2002-2003.
Sur les 17 nouveaux cas isolés à Wuhan, trois ont été présentés comme particulièrement "graves". Deux de ces patients sont dans un état trop critique pour pouvoir être déplacés. Ces personnes infectées sont âgées de 30 à 79 ans. Les autorités municipales affirment que le virus a désormais contaminé 62 personnes dans cette ville, qui est vraisemblablement le premier foyer de la maladie, dont huit qui sont toujours dans un état grave et 19 qui ont été soignées et ont pu sortir de l'hôpital. Les autres sont toujours traités à l'isolement. Deux personnes ont péri après avoir contracté le virus, dont un homme de 69 ans décédé mercredi. Tombé malade le 31 décembre, il avait vu son état de santé s'aggraver cinq jours plus tard.
Près de 2000 personnes infectées ?
Des scientifiques d'un centre de recherche de l'Imperial College à Londres, qui conseille des institutions comme l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), ont cependant estimé dans un article publié vendredi que le mystérieux virus avait probablement contaminé bien plus de personnes que ce que les autorités affirment. Ils ont estimé, sur la base de l'ensemble des informations disponibles le 12 janvier dernier, que le chiffre de 1723 personnes contaminées était beaucoup plus probable.
Lire aussi
"Il est probable qu’il arrive en Europe" : faut-il avoir peur du mystérieux virus apparu en Chine ?
Mystérieuse pneumonie chinoise : l'épidémie réveille le spectre du sras
Les autorités de Wuhan ont affirmé dimanche que certains des patients contaminés n'avaient eu aucun contact avec un marché de la ville spécialisé dans la vente en gros de fruits de mer et de poissons qui est au centre de tous les soupçons. Aucune contamination interhumaine n'a pour l'heure été confirmée, mais le département de la santé de Wuhan a estimé qu'on ne "pouvait pas exclure" ce risque. Trois cas ont été confirmés à l'étranger, dont deux en Thaïlande et un au Japon.
La souche incriminée est un nouveau type de coronavirus, une famille comptant un grand nombre de virus. Ils peuvent provoquer des maladies bénignes chez l'homme (comme un rhume) mais aussi d'autres plus graves comme le Sras.
https://www.lci.fr/sante/chine-17-nouveaux-cas-du-mysterieux-virus-sras-pneumonie-des-centaines-de-contaminations-redoutees-2143144.html
Y a-t-il un lien avec des laboratoires travaillant sur des armes biologiques ?.
Certains le supposent. Nous laissons le lecteur apprécier :
Virus-hit Wuhan has two laboratories linked to Chinese bio-warfare program
Virology institute there has China's only secure lab for studying deadly viruse
By Bill Gertz - The Washington Times - Friday, January 24, 2020
The deadly animal virus epidemic spreading globally may have originated in a Wuhan laboratory linked to China’s covert biological weapons program, according to an Israeli biological warfare expert.
Radio Free Asia this week rebroadcast a local Wuhan television report from 2015 showing China’s most advanced virus research laboratory known the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Radio Free Asia reported.
The laboratory is the only declared site in China capable of working with deadly viruses.
Dany Shoham, a former Israeli military intelligence officer who has studied Chinese bio warfare, said the institute is linked to Beijing’s covert biological weapons program.
“Certain laboratories in the institute have probably been engaged, in terms of research and development, in Chinese [biological weapons], at least collaterally, yet not as a principal facility of the Chinese BW alignment,” Mr. Shoham told The Washington Times.
Work on biological weapons is conducted as part of a dual civilian-military research and is “definitely covert,” he said in an email.
Mr. Shoham holds a doctorate in medical microbiology. From 1970 to 1991 he was a senior analyst with Israeli military intelligence for biological and chemical warfare in the Middle East and worldwide, holding the rank of lieutenant colonel.
China in the past has denied having any offensive biological weapons. The State Department, in a report last year, said it suspects China has engaged in covert biological warfare work.
A Chinese Embassy spokesman did not return an email seeking comment.
Chinese authorities so far have said the origin of the coronavirus that has killed scores and infected hundreds in in central Hubei Province is not known.
Gao Fu, director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, told state-controlled media initial signs as of Thursday indicated the virus originated from wild animals sold at a seafood market in Wuhan.
One ominous sign, said a U.S. official, is the that false rumors since the outbreak began several weeks ago have begun circulating on the Chinese Internet claiming the virus is part of a U.S. conspiracy to spread germ weapons.
That could indicate China is preparing propaganda outlets to counter future charges the new virus escaped from one of Wuhan’s civilian or defense research laboratories.
The World Health Organization is calling the microbe novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV. At a meeting in Geneva Thursday, the organization stopped short of declaring a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
The virus outbreak causes pneumonia-like symptoms and prompted China to deploy military forces to Wuhan this week in a bid to halt the spread. All travel out of the city of 11 million people was halted.
The Wuhan institute has studied coronaviruses in the past, including the including the strain that causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, H5N1 influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis, and dengue. Researchers at the institute also studied the germ that causes anthrax – a biological agent once developed in Russia.
“Coronaviruses (particularly SARS) have been studied in the institute and are probably held therein,” he said. “SARS is included within the Chinese BW program, at large, and is dealt with in several pertinent facilities.”
It is not known if the institute’s array of coronaviruses are specifically included in biological weapons program but it is possible, he said.
Asked if the new coronavirus may have leaked, Mr. Shoham said: “In principle, outward virus infiltration might take place either as leakage or as an indoor unnoticed infection of a person that normally went out of the concerned facility. This could have been the case with the Wuhan Institute of Virology, but so far there isn’t evidence or indication for such incident.”
After researchers sequence of the genome of the new coronavirus it might be possible to determine or suggest its origin or source.
Mr. Shoham, now with the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies at Bar Ilan University in Israel, said the virology institute is the only declared site in China known as P4 for Pathogen Level 4, a status indicating it uses the strictest safety standards to prevent the spread of the most dangerous and exotic microbes being studied.
The former Israeli military intelligence doctor also said suspicions were raised about the Wuhan Institute of Virology when a group of Chinese virologists working in Canada improperly sent samples to China of what he said were some of the deadliest viruses on earth, including the Ebola virus.
In a July article in the journal Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, Mr. Shoham said the Wuhan institute was one of four Chinese laboratories engaged in some aspects of the biological weapons development.
He identified the secure Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory at the institute as engaged in research on the Ebola, Nipah, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses.
The Wuhan virology institute is under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. But certain laboratories within it “have linkage with the PLA or BW-related elements within the Chinese defense establishment,” he said.
In 1993, China declared a second facility, the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, as one of eight biological warfare research facilities covered by the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) which China joined in 1985.
The Wuhan Institute of Biological Products is a civilian facility but is linked to the Chinese defense establishment, and has been regarded to be involved in the Chinese BW program, Mr. Shoham said.
China’s vaccine against SARS is probably produced there.
“This means the SARS virus is held and propagated there, but it is not a new coronavirus, unless the wild type has been modified, which is not known and cannot be speculated at the moment,” he said.
The annual State Department report on arms treaty compliance stated last year that China engaged in activities that could support biological warfare.
“Information indicates that the People’s Republic of China engaged during the reporting period in biological activities with potential dual-use applications, which raises concerns regarding its compliance with the BWC,” the report said, adding that the United States suspects China failed to eliminate its biological warfare program as required by the treaty.
“The United States has compliance concerns with respect to Chinese military medical institutions’ toxin research and development because of the potential dual-use applications and their potential as a biological threat,” the report added.
The biosafety lab is located about 20 miles from the Hunan Seaford Market that reports from China say may have been origin point of the virus.
Rutgers University microbiologist Dr. Richard Ebright told London’s Daily Mail that “at this point there’s no reason to harbor suspicions” the lab may be linked to the virus outbreak.
https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/jan/24/virus-hit-wuhan-has-two-laboratories-linked-chines/
The Wuhan Coronavirus
Dr. Xiangguo Qiu made at least five trips over the school year 2017-18 to the above mentioned Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which was certified for BSL4 in January 2017. Moreover, in August 2017, the National Health Commission of China approved research activities involving Ebola, Nipah, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses at the Wuhan facility.
Coincidentally, the Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory is located only 20 miles away from the Huanan Seafood Market which is the epicenter of the Coronavirus outbreak dubbed the Wuhan Coronavirus.
The Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory is located just about 20 miles away from the Huanan Seafood Market, the epicenter of Coronavirus outbreak
The Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory is housed at the Chinese military facility Wuhan Institute of Virology linked to China’s Biological Warfare Program. It was the first ever lab in the country designed to meet biosafety-level-4 (BSL-4) standards – the highest biohazard level, meaning that it would be qualified to handle the most dangerous pathogens.
In January 2018, the lab was operational ‘for global experiments on BSL-4 pathogens,’ wrote Guizhen Wu in the journal Biosafety and Health. ‘After a laboratory leak incident of SARS in 2004, the former Ministry of Health of China initiated the construction of preservation laboratories for high-level pathogens such as SARS, coronavirus, and pandemic influenza virus,’ wrote Guizhen Wu.
Coronavirus Bioweapon
The Wuhan institute has studied coronaviruses in the past, including the strain that causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, H5N1 influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis, and dengue. Researchers at the institute also studied the germ that causes anthrax – a biological agent once developed in Russia.
“Coronaviruses (particularly SARS) have been studied in the institute and are probably held therein,” said Dany Shoham, a former Israeli military intelligence officer who has studied Chinese biowarfare. He said. “SARS is included within the Chinese BW program, at large, and is dealt with in several pertinent facilities.”
James Giordano, a neurology professor at Georgetown University and senior fellow in Biowarfare at the U.S. Special Operations Command, said China’s growing investment in bio-science, looser ethics around gene-editing and other cutting-edge technology and integration between government and academia raise the spectre of such pathogens being weaponized.
That could mean an offensive agent, or a modified germ let loose by proxies, for which only China has the treatment or vaccine. “This is not warfare, per se,” he said. “But what it’s doing is leveraging the capability to act as global saviour, which then creates various levels of macro and micro economic and bio-power dependencies.”
China’s Biological Warfare Program
In a 2015 academic paper, Shoham – of Bar-Ilan’s Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies – asserts that more than 40 Chinese facilities are involved in bio-weapon production.
China’s Academy of Military Medical Sciences actually developed an Ebola drug – called JK-05 — but little has been divulged about it or the defence facility’s possession of the virus, prompting speculation its Ebola cells are part of China’s bio-warfare arsenal, Shoham told the National Post.
Ebola is classified as a “category A” bioterrorism agent by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, meaning it could be easily transmitted from person to person, would result in high death rates and “might cause panic.” The CDC lists Nipah as a category C substance, a deadly emerging pathogen that could be engineered for mass dissemination.
China’s Biological Warfare Program is believed to be in an advanced stage that includes research and development, production and weaponization capabilities. Its current inventory is believed to include the full range of traditional chemical and biological agents with a wide variety of delivery systems including artillery rockets, aerial bombs, sprayers, and short-range ballistic missiles.
Weaponizing Biotech
China’s national strategy of military-civil fusion has highlighted biology as a priority, and the People’s Liberation Army could be at the forefront of expanding and exploiting this knowledge.
The PLA is pursuing military applications for biology and looking into promising intersections with other disciplines, including brain science, supercomputing, and artificial intelligence. Since 2016, the Central Military Commission has funded projects on military brain science, advanced biomimetic systems, biological and biomimetic materials, human performance enhancement, and “new concept” biotechnology.
In 2016, an AMMS doctoral researcher published a dissertation, “Research on the Evaluation of Human Performance Enhancement Technology,” which characterized CRISPR-Cas as one of three primary technologies that might boost troops’ combat effectiveness. The supporting research looked at the effectiveness of the drug Modafinil, which has applications in cognitive enhancement; and at transcranial magnetic stimulation, a type of brain stimulation, while also contending that the “great potential” of CRISPR-Cas as a “military deterrence technology in which China should “grasp the initiative” in development.
In 2016, the potential strategic value of genetic information led the Chinese government to launch the National Genebank, which intends to become the world’s largest repository of such data. It aims to “develop and utilize China’s valuable genetic resources, safeguard national security in bioinformatics, and enhance China’s capability to seize the strategic commanding heights” in the domain of Biotechnology Warfare.
Chinese military’s interest in biology as an emerging domain of warfare is guided by strategists who talk about potential “genetic weapons” and the possibility of a “bloodless victory.”
https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/did-china-steal-coronavirus-canada-and-weaponize-it
Many staff from the Wuhan lab have been training at a BSL-4 lab in Lyon, which some scientists find reassuring. And the facility has already carried out a test-run using a low-risk virus.
But worries surround the Chinese lab, too. The SARS virus has escaped from high-level containment facilities in Beijing multiple times, notes Richard Ebright, a molecular biologist at Rutgers University in Piscataway, New Jersey. Tim Trevan, founder of CHROME Biosafety and Biosecurity Consulting in Damascus, Maryland, says that an open culture is important to keeping BSL-4 labs safe, and he questions how easy this will be in China, where society emphasizes hierarchy. “Diversity of viewpoint, flat structures where everyone feels free to speak up and openness of information are important,” he says.
Yuan says that he has worked to address this issue with staff. “We tell them the most important thing is that they report what they have or haven’t done,” he says. And the lab’s international collaborations will increase openness. “Transparency is the basis of the lab,” he adds.
The plan to expand into a network heightens such concerns. One BSL-4 lab in Harbin is already awaiting accreditation; the next two are expected to be in Beijing and Kunming, the latter focused on using monkey models to study disease.
Lina says that China’s size justifies this scale, and that the opportunity to combine BSL-4 research with an abundance of research monkeys — Chinese researchers face less red tape than those in the West when it comes to research on primates — could be powerful. “If you want to test vaccines or antivirals, you need a non-human primate model,” says Lina.
But Ebright is not convinced of the need for more than one BSL-4 lab in mainland China. He suspects that the expansion there is a reaction to the networks in the United States and Europe, which he says are also unwarranted. He adds that governments will assume that such excess capacity is for the potential development of bioweapons.
“These facilities are inherently dual use,” he says. The prospect of ramping up opportunities to inject monkeys with pathogens also worries, rather than excites, him: “They can run, they can scratch, they can bite.”
Trevan says China’s investment in a BSL-4 lab may, above all, be a way to prove to the world that the nation is competitive. “It is a big status symbol in biology,” he says, “whether it’s a need or not.”
https://www.nature.com/news/inside-the-chinese-lab-poised-to-study-world-s-most-dangerous-pathogens-1.21487
Rappel 2003 :
THE SARS EPIDEMIC: EPIDEMIC; China Admits Underreporting Its SARS Cases
By Erik Eckholm
April 21, 2003
In a rare public admission of failure, if not deception, the Chinese government disclosed today that cases of a dangerous new respiratory disease were many times higher than previously reported, and stripped two top officials of their power.
The government also announced that the weeklong national May Day vacation had been reduced to one day to discourage people from traveling and spreading severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS.
With the dismissals of the health minister and mayor of Beijing, who only days ago were playing down the epidemic, and an unusual nationally televised live news conference by a senior health official, the government sought to repair its shredded credibility -- at home and abroad -- about the extent of the sometimes fatal virus.
Admitting to the existence of more than 200 previously undisclosed SARS patients in military hospitals, the official, Deputy Health Minister Gao Qiang, said that as of Friday Beijing had 339 confirmed cases of SARS and an additional 402 suspected cases.
Ten days ago, Health Minister Zhang Wenkang said there were only 22 confirmed SARS cases in Beijing. Last Wednesday, the World Health Organization caused a stir here by estimating that there could be as many as 100 to 200 cases.
Mr. Gao warned that a significant number of the suspected cases would be confirmed as SARS and said that, on Saturday alone, seven more cases were confirmed.
Seeking to explain the abrupt jump in official numbers, Mr. Gao said, ''The Ministry of Health was not adequately prepared to deal with a sudden new health hazard.'' He added, ''Accurate figures have not been reported to high authorities in a timely manner,'' though he later said this was a result primarily of incompetence rather than deceit.
The cancellation of the May Day vacation was another sign of the government's new resolve to combat the disease. International health experts have warned that the mass movement of holiday travelers -- about 70 million last year -- could spread SARS to far-flung parts of the country.
....
https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/21/world/the-sars-epidemic-epidemic-china-admits-underreporting-its-sars-cases.html
he paper in the New England Journal of Medicine analyzes data on the first 425 confirmed cases in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, where the outbreak originated.
"On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019," it reads. The paper notes that seven health care workers contracted the virus between Jan. 1 and Jan. 11 -- significant evidence of human-to-human transmission.
The findings sharply contrast with the accounts of Wuhan health authorities who had maintained until mid-January that there was "no clear evidence" that the virus could be passed among humans. Officials also claimed Jan. 11 that no health care workers had been infected.
Public acknowledgment only came Jan. 20 via an interview with an expert commissioned by the National Health Commission on state broadcaster CCTV.
The paper also found that only 55% of the 47 infected patients before Jan. 1 were linked to the seafood and live-animal market thought to be ground zero. This means that other patients either got infected elsewhere or from other people.
The new findings have sparked a massive backlash on Chinese social media, with users questioning why the information did not come out earlier.
Many of the paper's authors work for the Chinese Center for Disease Control and local counterparts. Many were among the first batch of medical experts to have entered Wuhan for on-the-ground inspections, developing "a tailored surveillance protocol to identify potential cases" on Jan. 3.
"They all knew," a user on the Weibo microblogging platform said. "They just didn't say, but lied to us."
"If only they could have told people earlier, we could have taken better preventive measures, and the virus would not have spread this fast," another wrote.
https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus-outbreak/Study-suggesting-earlier-human-transmission-fuels-public-anger
China built a lab to study SARS and Ebola in Wuhan - and US biosafety experts warned in 2017 that a virus could 'escape' the facility that's become key in fighting the outbreak
The Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory is the only lab in China designated for studying dangerous pathogens like SARS and Ebola
Ahead of its January 2018 opening, biosafety experts and scientists from the US expressed concerns that a virus could escape the lab
In 2004, a SARS virus 'leaked' from a lab in Beijing
Experts say the coronavirus that's infected more than 800 people mutated in animals and became capable of infecting humans at the Wuhan seafood market
But a 2017 article warned of the unpredictability of lab animals that scientists at the Wuhan lab intended to inject with viruses
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-7922379/Chinas-lab-studying-SARS-Ebola-Wuhan-outbreaks-center.html
L'Unité 731 (731部隊, Nana-san-ichi butai?), créée entre 1932 et 1933 par mandat impérial, était une unité militaire de recherche bactériologique de l'Armée impériale japonaise. Officiellement, cette unité, dirigée par Shirō Ishii, se consacrait « à la prévention des épidémies et la purification de l'eau », mais, en réalité, elle effectuait des expérimentations sur des cobayes humains comme des vivisections sans anesthésie ou des recherches sur diverses maladies comme la peste, le typhus et le choléra en vue de les utiliser comme armes bactériologiques1. Les expérimentations bactériologiques pratiquées au Mandchoukouo, notamment par largage aérien, ont fait entre 300 000 et 480 000 victimes2. L'Unité 731 est aujourd'hui reconnue responsable de crimes de guerre et crimes contre l'humanité. L'État japonais ne reconnaît son existence que depuis 2002.
....
On estime que Shirō Ishii et son équipe commencèrent leurs expériences sur les humains en début d'année 1932. Les premiers cobayes étaient des prisonniers condamnés à mort et détenus à la prison d'Harbin ou des résistants capturés par la Kenpeitai (la police militaire japonaise). Par la suite, les victimes furent également des soldats chinois, des Russes communistes détenus dans le camp d'Hogoin, des intellectuels, des ouvriers coupables d'agitation, ou simplement des individus soupçonnés de « déloyauté ».
..
La première unité de recherche de grande envergure, l'unité Tōgō, fut toutefois implantée à Beiyinhe, en banlieue sud d'Harbin en 1932. Son existence devint connue notamment en raison de l'évasion d'une douzaine de prisonniers chinois à l'automne 1934. À compter de 1936, avec la création de l'unité 731 à Pingfang et la destruction du site de Beiyinhe, les expérimentations s'étendirent aux femmes et aux enfants (à qui on distribuait le bacille du charbon mélangé au chocolat) puis, ultérieurement, aux prisonniers de guerre américains détenus au camp de Moukden.
Ces cobayes humains étaient appelés « maruta », ce qui, en japonais, signifie billot, bûche ou bille de bois. En effet, les paysans locaux croyaient que c'était à une gigantesque scierie qu'ils avaient affaire, et donc tous les cobayes amenés à Pingfang étaient, pour lesdits paysans, du bois. À leur arrivée à l'unité 731, on leur attribuait un numéro et ils n'étaient plus considérés comme des êtres humains. La plupart avaient entre vingt et quarante ans.
....
Selon certaines sources, plus de 10 000 hommes, femmes et enfants seraient morts dans les laboratoires7. Selon les travaux publiés en 2002 par le Symposium International sur les Crimes de la Guerre Bactériologique, le nombre de personnes décédées en Chine à la suite des expérimentations et de l'usage des armes bactériologiques par l'Armée impériale japonaise s'élève à plus de 580 0008.
...
La saisie des plans des installations de recherche biologiques japonaises, en septembre 1945, en Mandchourie, marque un tournant dans le programme soviétique. Dès 1946, un nouveau complexe biologique militaire est établi à Sverdlovsk, d'après les plans japonais. À la fin des années 1950, des sites de recherche, tournés vers tous les aspects de la guerre biologique (militaires, agricoles...) parsemaient l'ensemble du territoire de l'URSS11.
Au terme de la guerre, les membres de l'Unité 731 ont négocié avec le général Douglas MacArthur et les autorités américaines un pacte les soustrayant aux poursuites intentées par le Tribunal de Tokyo. En échange, les États-Unis ont reçu de Shirō Ishii l'ensemble des résultats des tests menés à l'unité 731, résultats qu'il avait conservés dans sa fuite ; il a ainsi bénéficié d'une totale impunité. Des membres de l'unité ont toutefois été condamnés par les Soviétiques lors d'un procès tenu à Khabarovsk en 194912,13,14.
Les participants à cette entreprise ont été sommés d'occulter toute mention concernant cette production et les connaissances expérimentales acquises durant l'après-guerre, sorte d'invitation à l'oubli. L'opinion publique n'en sut donc rien.
...
En 1981, son existence est rendue publique par la publication d'un rapport scientifique suivi d'un best-seller intitulé Akuma no hōshoku (悪魔の飽食?, « la goinfrerie du Diable ») écrit par Seiichi Morimura.
...
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_731
Alors qu’en Europe en 1947, le procès de Nuremberg met en évidence les responsabilités des nazis, un pacte secret est conclu entre Douglas MacArthur et Shiro Ishii. Ce pacte lui garantit l’immunité et le secret sur les atrocités commises en échange des résultats qu’il a obtenus. Une entente est conclue et tous les membres de l'Unité sont exonérés de poursuites devant le Tribunal de Tōkyō. Ils reçoivent en plus une allocation à vie, sans doute de l’armée américaine3.
Certains médecins capturés par les Soviétiques sont toutefois jugés en 1949 lors du procès de Khabarovsk, mais cela ne représente que douze membres de l’Unité 7313. Shiro Ishii n’est pas inquiété. Richard Drayton, maître de conférence en histoire à l'université de Cambridge, écrit que Shiro Ishii a donné plus tard une conférence dans le Maryland à propos des armes bactériologiques30. D'autres sources disent qu'il est resté au Japon et a dirigé une pension31. Il meurt d'un cancer de la gorge le 9 octobre 195932.
...
Alors que les milieux médicaux, militaires et aristocratiques (la famille impériale notamment) connaissaient l'histoire de l'Unité 731, longtemps les Japonais ignorèrent son existence. Sur les neuf éditeurs de livres d'histoire de l'enseignement secondaire, un seul consacre quelques lignes à l'Unité 731 et ses crimes. Ceux qui veulent briser le silence ou critiquer les agissements criminels japonais sont sujets à des pressions et menaces33. La première étude japonaise sérieuse sur l’Unité 731 est faite en 197634. En 1981, la parution du livre-enquête de Seiichi Morimura Unité 731 porte pour la première fois les activités de l'Unité 731 à la connaissance du grand public3. Dans la foulée, la publication d’articles de John Powell dans le Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars et dans le Bulletin of Atomic Scientists confirment également l'existence de l'Unité 7317. Un an plus tard, le ministère de la Santé japonais reconnaît officiellement l'existence de l'Unité 731 mais pas les expérimentations, sous prétexte d'insuffisance de preuves3. Cette même année, la fille de Shiro Ishii, Harumi Ishii, donne une interview à Masanori Tabata, journaliste du Japan Times. Elle y explique qu'elle a travaillé comme secrétaire particulière de son père au quartier-général de Pingfang (près de Harbin) en 1945 et après la reddition, au domicile des Ishii à Tokyo, sténographiant une grande partie des entrevues livrées par celui-ci aux enquêteurs américains. L’article publie une photo la montrant assise à une table de banquet entre deux de ces enquêteurs.
...
Tokyo s'est engagé à débarrasser la Chine de stocks d'armes chimiques produites pendant la guerre sur l'île d'Okonoshima. Plus de la moitié se trouve dans l'ancien Mandchoukouo37.
En dépit des recherches d'historiens japonais et américains, des preuves apportées par les Chinois et de témoignages des certains ex-membres de l'Unité, le Japon refuse de faire véritablement la lumière sur les agissements de Shiro Ishii et l'Unité 731. En 2002 cependant, une Cour de justice japonaise reconnaît officiellement le rôle de l'Unité 731 dans la guerre bactériologique qui s'est déroulée en Chine pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, mais elle dédouane le gouvernement japonais de toute réparation envers les plaignants chinois et russes38.
Similitudes avec Mengele
Shiro Ishii compte parmi les symboles de la médecine dévoyée qui ont marqué le XXe siècle, à l'instar de Joseph Mengele, médecin nazi connu notamment pour ses expérimentations médicales sur des cobayes juifs au sein du camp d'Auschwitz lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Si le but des expérimentations différait — les expérimentations de Shiro Ishii avaient une finalité surtout militaire, puis médicale, tandis que celles de Josef Mengele visaient à étayer scientifiquement la théorie raciale nazie —, Shiro Ishii et Josef Mengele ont employé les mêmes méthodes — l'utilisation de cobayes humains forcés dans le cadre d'expériences médicales — et bénéficié de la même impunité.
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shir%C5%8D_Ishii
Russian biological samples ‘collected for research’ – US Air Force
The choice of the Russian population for generic material was not intentional, and is related to research on the musculoskeletal system, the US Air Education and Training Command (AETC) spokesman said.
Eyebrows were first raised in July when the AETC issued a tender seeking to acquire samples of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and synovial fluid from Russians. It announced that all samples (12 RNA and 27 synovial fluid) “shall be collected from Russia and must be Caucasian.” The Air Force noted that it would not consider tissue samples from Ukraine, for reasons not explained.
...
The fact that Russian tissue samples specifically are on the wanted list made some wonder whether the Pentagon is working on a biological weapon to target Russians. “I’m not saying that it is about preparing a biological war against Russia. But its scenarios, are, no doubt, being worked on. That is to say, in case the need suddenly arises,” Franz Klintsevich, the first deputy chairman of the Federation Council’s Committee for Defense and Security, wrote on Facebook. “It is also no secret that different ethnic groups react differently to biological weapons. Hence the collection of the biological material from Russians living in different geographical locations. In the west, everything is done extremely scrupulously and is verified up to the tiniest detail.”
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov confirmed on Tuesday that Russian special services are in possession of intelligence suggesting that NGOs are collecting genetic material from the population. “Some emissaries are really carrying out such activities, representatives of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other bodies. Such cases were registered, and security services, the president naturally have this information,” he said.
This is not the first attempt to collect samples of Russian genetic material by foreign agencies in Russia, Igor Nikulin, a former member of the UN biological weapons commission, told RT.
https://www.rt.com/news/408416-russians-biological-samples-research/
EI) Ce qui suit n'est pas tout à fait une corroboration scientifique mais plutôt sociétale et politique :
Billy Meier affirme que les assemblée pour l'environnement sont inutiles tant que le problème de la surpopulation n'est pas taclé. Les politiques ne font rien pour régler les problèmes et les mesures prises sont inefficaces tandis que la cause environnementale sert de prétexte pour établir des taxes en tout genre.
Billy
But what I actually want to say today is this: At present, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (21st Conference of the Parties, COP 21 for short) is being held in Paris (France) from 30th November to 11th December 2015 as the 21st UN Climate Conference and 11th Meeting of the Parties to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol (CMP 11 for short). This conference is considered to be of central importance as it is intended to adopt a new international climate protection agreement as a successor to the Kyoto Protocol. Again, it is of course a climate conference of the world's leaders and other high-ranking leaders, who – as usual – will only speak big words and waffle together the banal, the stupid and the nonsense, as well as decide on the useless, which will neither bring anything useful to Earthly climate nor to nature, its fauna and flora, nor to drinking water and the health of Earth's humanity. As usual, the decisions will be as stupid and idiotic as ever, because they will result again and again in dangerous emissions being reduced by so many percentages within a certain period of time – usually 20 years – but the quotas set will never be reached. And this is also the case if something is actually done about the emission of emissions which are harmful to the climate, etc., because the objective cannot be achieved by the further increase in overpopulation. In fact, the dangerous emissions – released into the atmosphere and nature by the vast mass of humanity – are rising in relation to the rising overpopulation. This means that during the period of the agreed emission reduction – on average 20 years and if something is really done about it that is not usually the case – emissions will continue to rise as a result of the increasing world population, because during the period of the reduction process many more people will populate Earth and adults and adolescents will create new climate-hazardous emissions, such as through the use of newly placed cars and other motor vehicles. Also, in relation to the growing and growing overpopulation, new needs are constantly emerging which are placed on industry and for which Earth is exploited for very many resources, which in general again creates an enormous amount of toxic emissions which destroy the climate and nature as well as their fauna and flora. And if one considers that at the moment the overpopulation of Earth is increasing by about 100 million people per year and that in 20 years – during which such idiotic decisions of the climate conference organisers are taking place – another two billion people will populate Earth, then even a layman can calculate that all the climate decisions of the climate conferences are pure nonsense and absolutely useless.
http://www.futureofmankind.info/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_637
Neither honest and good journalists nor politicians, rulers, let alone the people from the populations, want to hear the reality and its truth, but in the old routine of the slow, but continuous, inexorable and inevitable destruction and annihilation of all life, of nature, its fauna and flora, as well as of the atmosphere, the climate, plants and the entire environment go on thoughtlessly and completely irresponsibly and let the catastrophe inevitably resulting from it become reality. That in this way, while the politicians and governors as well as other responsible persons of the states waste the tax money senselessly, to which the majority of the stupid ones from the populations still screams for and cheer. And that the upper elites of the state-conducting powers do not have to live in poverty from this consequence either, and can live in joy and glory from the taxpayers' money of the working classes, they take care of this in the way that they harass, exploit and bring the populations to starvation with even more tax levies for all possible and impossible things.
http://www.futureofmankind.info/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_711
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Mille milliards d'euros : c'est la somme qu'engagera l'UE pour l'application de son "Green Deal"
l'essentiel Mille milliards d'euros. C'est la somme que compte investir l'Union Européenne pour l'application de son "Green Deal". Un moyen pour la présidente de la Commission européenne Ursula von der Leyen de réaffirmer son engagement pour la neutralité carbone lors de la grande conférence de l'ONU sur le climat, qui a débuté lundi.
Atteindre la neutralité carbone d'ici 2050. Tel est l'objectif du "Green Deal" voulu par la présidente de la Commission européenne Ursula von der Leyen. Et pour y parvenir, la dirigeante allemande entend investir mille milliards d'euros, soit un trillion d'euros, pour l'application de ce pacte vert.
https://www.ladepeche.fr/2020/01/16/mille-milliards-deuros-cest-la-somme-quengagera-lue-pour-lapplication-de-son-green-deal,8665295.php
Saison 1 Episode 6 (partie 1) : Marketing vert, le grand maquillage Le «marketing vert» consiste à utiliser des arguments écologistes pour vendre un produit. Certaines marques ont effectivement opéré une conversion «verte» pour proposer désormais des produits respectueux de l'environnement. Mais d'autres en revanche n'ont porté à leur marchandise que des modifications mineures, montées en épingle par un marketing fallacieux. Comment s'y retrouver dans la jungle du «greenwashing», cet «éco-blanchiement» qui fait passer de façon éhontée des vessies pour des lanternes basse consommation ? Enquête dans un univers où les initiatives les plus éco-responsables côtoient les mystifications les plus sophistiquées.
Cash Investigation - Razzia sur le bois, les promesses en kit des géants du meuble
Dans nos habitations, on ne trouve pas le bois que dans le parquet ou les meubles. Il est également présent dans le papier, le carton, la tapisserie ou les vêtements. Loin de l'image écologique qu'il véhicule, son business comprend des exploitations illégales, des sous-traitants douteux, des labels verts en carton et des plantations transformées en bombes incendiaires. Cash Investigation a mené l’enquête sur IKEA, le n°1 mondial de l’ameublement, en remontant la chaîne de ses sous-traitants. La journaliste Marie Maurice est également partie en Indonésie pour investiguer sur l’un des géants mondiaux du papier et du carton. Des forêts françaises aux plantations indonésiennes, de la Roumanie à la Suède, Cash Investigation vous emmène dans les bois...
Dans nos habitations, on ne trouve pas le bois que dans le parquet ou les meubles. Il est également présent dans le papier, le carton, la tapisserie ou les vêtements. Loin de l'image écologique qu'il véhicule, son business comprend des exploitations illégales, des sous-traitants douteux, des labels verts en carton et des plantations transformées en bombes incendiaires. Cash Investigation a mené l’enquête sur IKEA, le n°1 mondial de l’ameublement, en remontant la chaîne de ses sous-traitants. La journaliste Marie Maurice est également partie en Indonésie pour investiguer sur l’un des géants mondiaux du papier et du carton. Des forêts françaises aux plantations indonésiennes, de la Roumanie à la Suède, Cash Investigation vous emmène dans les bois...
Cash investigation - Climat: le grand bluff des multinationales / intégrale Cash Investigation révèle les dessous d'un étrange marché, celui des «quotas carbone». Créé par l'Union européenne il y a dix ans, il était censé inciter les industries lourdes à réduire leurs émissions de CO2, ce gaz qui dérègle le climat. Mais ce système est aujourd'hui dévoyé au profit des plus gros émetteurs de CO2, pour lesquels polluer peut même s'avérer rentable. Total n'hésite pas à investir des milliards de dollars au Canada pour exploiter le pétrole le plus sale de la terre. Dans la région de Melbourne en Australie, Engie, qui cultive son image d'entreprise verte, exploite toujours l'une des plus vieilles centrales du monde. En février 2014, elle a provoqué un incendie qui a duré 45 jours, asphyxiant toute la région. Elise Lucet reçoit responsables politiques, experts et grands patrons.
EJ) Billy Meier parle dans le contact 251 de la nécessité de s'adapter morphologiquement lorsqu'on veut s'installer sur une planète. Ainsi, il explique que Mars était habitée autrefois ainsi qu'une planète appelée Malona/Phaeton qui a explosé et donné la ceinture d'astéroide. La terre était une planète qui a servi à exiler les individus dont on ne voulait pas et son atmosphère serait plus pauve en oxygène que Mars à l'époque.
CR 251:
While the atmosphere on Malona was breathable and healthy for the emigrants and for the peoples already living there and corresponded roughly to that of Mars, which was as much as that which the descendants of the genetically manipulated were used to in their space ships over many millennia, this did not apply to Earth. So purposeful changes had to be made if the emigrants were to live on Earth in the future. So the same event happened that was already important when the degenerates on Earth were exposed: At that time, the exposed were first subjected to an adaptation to Earth's atmosphere and their bone structure was more strongly stabilized, etc., before they were transferred to Earth. This happened now equally with all emigration-willing from Mars, before they could establish themselves on Earth.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_251
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Ce n'est plus vraiment de la science puisque des scientifiques japonais étudient la façon d'injecter des gènes de tardigrades dans des cellules humaines en espérant un jour augmenter la résistance de voyageurs de l'espace.
Genetically modifying human cells with DNA from a TARDIGRADE could help astronauts withstand the deadly effects of long-distance space travel
Tardigrades have a protein that protects them from radiation, known as Dsup
A geneticist wants to combine the creatures DNA with human cells
Suggests it will enable astronauts to endure deadly effects of spaceflight
...
The first would be to design a process that lets scientists 'turn on or off' specific gene expressions.
The researchers currently working on this innovation are 'also exploring how to combine the DNA of other species, namely tardigrades, with human cells to make them more resistant to the harmful effects of spaceflight, like radiation'
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7662075/Genetically-engineering-humans-TARDIGRADE-DNA-help-humans-survive-space-travel.html
Tardigrade protein helps human DNA withstand radiation
Experiments show that the tardigrade’s resilience can be transferred to cultures of human cells.
...
Genomic treasure trove
“Protection and repair of DNA is a fundamental component of all cells and a central aspect in many human diseases, including cancer and ageing,” says Ingemar Jönsson, an evolutionary ecologist who studies tardigrades at Kristianstad University in Sweden.
This makes the new paper’s findings “highly interesting for medicine”, says Jönsson. It opens up the possibility of improving the stress resistance of human cells, which could one day benefit people undergoing radiation therapies.
Kunieda adds that these findings may one day protect workers from radiation in nuclear facilities or possibly help us to grow crops in extreme environments, such as the ones found on Mars.
Bob Goldstein, a biologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill who helped to sequence the genome of another tardigrade species2, says the research is exciting and clever. He also thinks that the study’s authors are correct in predicting that this is probably just the first of many such discoveries.
“The tardigrade is resistant to a lot of different kinds of extremes,” says Goldstein. And this means that the animals must have many different ways of protecting themselves.
“We are really just at the beginning of exploring the genetic treasure that the tardigrade genome represents,” says Jönsson.
https://www.nature.com/news/tardigrade-protein-helps-human-dna-withstand-radiation-1.20648
Experiments show that the tardigrade’s resilience can be transferred to cultures of human cells.
...
Genomic treasure trove
“Protection and repair of DNA is a fundamental component of all cells and a central aspect in many human diseases, including cancer and ageing,” says Ingemar Jönsson, an evolutionary ecologist who studies tardigrades at Kristianstad University in Sweden.
This makes the new paper’s findings “highly interesting for medicine”, says Jönsson. It opens up the possibility of improving the stress resistance of human cells, which could one day benefit people undergoing radiation therapies.
Kunieda adds that these findings may one day protect workers from radiation in nuclear facilities or possibly help us to grow crops in extreme environments, such as the ones found on Mars.
Bob Goldstein, a biologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill who helped to sequence the genome of another tardigrade species2, says the research is exciting and clever. He also thinks that the study’s authors are correct in predicting that this is probably just the first of many such discoveries.
“The tardigrade is resistant to a lot of different kinds of extremes,” says Goldstein. And this means that the animals must have many different ways of protecting themselves.
“We are really just at the beginning of exploring the genetic treasure that the tardigrade genome represents,” says Jönsson.
https://www.nature.com/news/tardigrade-protein-helps-human-dna-withstand-radiation-1.20648
EK) Billy Meier parle de l'importance de la lumière naturelle pour les organismes vivants dans le contact 216
(il parle aussi de la dangerosité des lumières artificielles mais ceci n'est pas encore corroboré et cela prendra selon lui du temps)
Billy
I know that, which is why I also said it. But now, I would like to ask you: how important, actually, is light for humans as well as for animals? Concerning plants, it is well-known that these don’t grow and can’t exist without light, with certain exceptions, like when these grow in the dark. But with that, the question becomes loud and clear: why can these do without light? Can you give me a satisfactory answer to this? This question doesn’t just interest me but also others, which means that I was asked about it. Also a student is interested in this, as a result of her biology lessons.
Quetzal
157. Of course, I can give you information about that:
158. Plants that grow without light underground – the ones of which you speak – always grow towards the light.
159. And light is also vibrationally present in the dark, even though the person, with all his senses or by technical apparatuses, can’t ascertain this, such as by light-sensing devices.
160. The vibrations of light don’t simply end at the surface of an object, on the rock stratum and rocks as well as on the Earth's surface or at a dark cloud in space, etc.; rather, these still penetrate very deeply into matter.
161. This means that also in the subsoil of the Earth, certain plants can prosper because they grow toward the light vibrations that are invisible to humans and that penetrate through the soil and which are sufficient for the prosperity of the plants to be assured.
162. This is a fact that will still remain a secret to the earthly scientists of biology for a long time; therefore, they still must first investigate and fathom everything.
163. Without these light vibrations that penetrate very deeply into the Earth, the underground plants, as we call them, couldn’t prosper and couldn’t exist.
164. However, where the light vibrations are no longer able to penetrate, also no plants can grow any more.
165. It is also important to note that the deeply penetrating light vibrations only exhibit partial rays of actual light and, therefore, a different form than the actual light vibrations.
166. Moreover, such forms of light are already known to the earthly scientists; it’s just that these don’t concern the ones that penetrate into certain depths of matter.
167. And from the same light vibrations, from which the underground plants or plants of the dark draw their vitality, also the underground animals or animals of the dark benefit, including the fish of the dark and deep sea animals of every genus and species.
168. Also, animals and humans need a great amount of light, including the nighttime animals or the nocturnal animals.
169. Also the so-called night owls, i.e. nocturnal people, need light, and indeed, without exception, even if life behavioral patterns and all physical and organic factors adapt themselves and new day and night behavioral patterns come about, as this applies, for example, to the Inuit, i.e. the Eskimos.
170. These have a completely different life rhythm than all those people who are arranged into the day and night rhythm throughout the whole year, which isn’t the case with the Inuit, as you know, because in the area of the high north with the Eskimos, different day and night conditions prevail than what are given in the rest of the world.
171. If the person changes – apart from the accustomed change with the Inuit – his daily rhythm and, with this, also his life rhythm, such as through irregular working hours, which you call shift-work, then health problems and even serious health damages can appear, which can result, on the one hand, through the irregularity of the lifestyle and, on the other hand, through the changed lighting conditions and, thus, through unsuitable, artificial light.
172. Stomach and intestinal troubles as well as serious stomach and intestinal diseases can be the result, as well as bad depressions and aggressiveness and also dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, and a general functional impairment of the immune system.
173. If a person – and this is also true for animals – is lacking the absolutely essential light, then very negative disturbances and changes also occur in the hormonal balance, by what means, in turn, the immune system is strongly impaired in its strength and function.
174. Lack of light also leads very quickly to thought interferences, emotional disturbances, and concentration problems, by what means, in a short time, also disturbances of the psyche appear, which in turn cause psycho-somatic effects in the body and organs.
175. At the same time, this concerns suffering with pain symptoms, etc. that can’t be diagnosed by the earthly doctors because often, they are not yet advanced far enough in the area of medicine.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_216
Billy
You once said that solar radiation is dangerous for humans because sunburn arises from over-radiation on the unprotected skin, which is clear. But at the same time, you also mentioned that “black cancer” develops from it, even if the sunburn would only repeat itself in a minimal form. Moreover, it doesn’t matter, as I recall, whether it would only be 10 or whether it would be 50 or more years after the first sunburn. In any event, the first sunburn of the skin plays the leading role because the factors were based on the fact that the “black cancer” or skin cancer could be triggered. So far, this is clear. However, you also said something about artificial light sources that are just as dangerous as solar radiation. Unfortunately, you then gave no other explanations about this, which is why I want to ask you about it now.
Quetzal
4. Yes, your explanation is correct, because I really gave no explanatory remarks regarding the addressed.
5. So listen, then:
6. Artificial light is harmless just as little as also solar radiation.
7. Also, every artificial light emits radiations that are harmful to health, whereby the most diverse illnesses can then be triggered, like, for example, various forms of cancer.
8. However, all sorts of nervous disorders as well as cell variations, asthma, headaches, nausea, muscle aches, memory impairment, reproductive damage, and concentration damage as well as various other ailments can occur due to excessive artificial light rays and artificial oscillations.
9. Artificial light can, therefore, have a very negative and dangerous impact on the health of humans, and of course, the light intensity, radiation intensity, and oscillation intensity are of importance.
10. In order to counteract this evil, it is necessary that the light sources are constructed and secured in such a way that the health-hazardous factors do not appear.
Billy
It will, however, still take a long time before that is realized here on Earth and something is done about it. With us, the erroneous acceptance prevails that a lot of light would be health-promoting, etc.
Quetzal
11. That is, in principle, also correct, but that only applies when the health-endangering factors of artificial light sources are turned off.
12. And as you say, it will still actually take a long time before the earthly scientists responsible for this will recognize the stated facts.
13. And it will still take much longer before the decisive ways and means are found to produce harmless artificial light.
.
Billy
That probably won’t be in this century and millennium because everything is probably still very distant future music, right?
Quetzal
14. That is correct, my friend.
15. Decades will still pass before the insights relating to this mature.
16. And it will still take a very long time before the means and ways are found to eliminate the harmful factors of artificial light.
17. The same applies to electricity.
.
Billy
That probably means that also the oscillations of electricity on humans and probably also on animals and plants, birds, fish and insects, etc. produce pathogenic effects. At the same time, I think of electromagnetic waves, as these come from power lines or electric lines as well as from electrical appliances and radio equipment as well as transmission towers for radio and television, etc. Is this meant by your reference to electricity?
.
Quetzal
18. That is correct.
19. In the coming time, however, the whole thing will still increase because the progress will bring with it that small, portable communication devices, which will then be called mobile devices or mobile phones and so on, will become mass-produced items for the Earth people; consequently, there will only be few who won’t then equip themselves with such devices, which will very often find only pointless uses.
20. The whole thing will cause a technological progress epidemic and will cost many human lives.
21. This, on the one hand, through the dangerous radiation emitted by the devices and, on the other hand, also because these devices will be used irresponsibly at every impossible and possible opportunity, like when driving cars, etc., by what means attention and control are weakened and fatal accidents, etc. are caused.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_226
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Ceci n'est pas une corroboration totale mais cela montre que l'on va dans cette direction :
Shining new light on the role of light
Many people understand that certain wavelengths of light can be harmful, such as gamma radiation from a nuclear bomb or too much ultraviolent light from the sun burning our skin. This study from Lang and colleagues describes a different, healthy role for light exposure.
Despite the fur of a mouse, or the clothing of a person, light does get inside our bodies. Photons—the fundamental particles of light—may slow down and scatter around once they pass the outer layers of skin, Lang says. But they really do get in, and when they do, they affect how cells behave.
Lang's work in this direction dates back to 2013, when he led a study published in Nature, that demonstrated how light exposure affected eye development in fetal mice. More recently, in 2019, Lang and colleagues published two more papers, one in April in Nature Cell Biology that reported possible benefits of light therapy for eye development in preterm infants, and another study in October in Current Biology that details how light receptors in the skin help mice regulate their internal clocks.
The new study in Cell Reports includes important contributions from Russell Van Gelder, MD, Ph.D., and Ethan Buhr, Ph.D., from the University of Washington, and Randy Seeley, Ph.D., University of Michigan.
"This idea of light penetration into deep tissue is very new, even to many of my scientific colleagues," Lang says. "But we and others have been finding opsins located in a variety of tissue types. This is still just the beginning of this work."
How light ignites an internal fire
In the latest findings, the research team studied how mice respond when exposed to chilly temperatures—about 40° F. They already knew that mice, much like humans, use both a shivering response and an internal fat-burning response to heat themselves.
Deeper analysis revealed that the internal heating process is compromised in the absence of the gene OPN3 and exposure specifically to a 480-nanometer wavelength of blue light. This wavelength is a natural part of sunlight but occurs only in low levels in most artificial light.
When the light exposure occurs, OPN3 prompts white fat cells to release fatty acids into the bloodstream. Various types of cells can use these fatty acids as energy to fuel their activities. But brown fat literally burns the fatty acids (in a process called oxidation) to generate heat that warms up the chilly mice.
When mice were bred to lack the OPN3 gene, they failed to warm up as much as other mice when placed in chilly conditions. But surprisingly, even mice that had the correct gene failed to warm up when they exposed to light that lacked the blue wavelength.
This data prompted the team to conclude that sunlight is required for normal energy metabolism. At least in mice. While the scientists strongly suspect that a similar light-dependent metabolic pathway exists in humans, they need to complete another series of experiments to prove it.
"If the light-OPN3 adipocyte pathway exists in humans, there are potentially broad implications for human health," the study states. "Our modern lifestyle subjects us to unnatural lighting spectra, exposure to light at night, shift work, and jet lag, all of which result in metabolic disruption. Based on the current findings, it is possible that insufficient stimulation of the light-OPN3 adipocyte pathway is part of an explanation for the prevalence of metabolic deregulation in industrialized nations where unnatural lighting has become the norm."
What's next?
It likely will require several years of study to flesh out this discovery.
Someday, in theory, "light therapy" could become a method for preventing metabolic syndrome from developing into diabetes. Replacing indoor lights with better, full-spectrum lighting systems also could improve public health, Lang says.
However, more study is needed to pin down the potential therapeutic value of light therapy. Questions to answer include determining how much sunlight is needed to support a healthy metabolism and whether people battling obesity might lack a functional OPN3 gene in their fat cells. Also unknown: when would light therapy matter most: for pregnant mothers? For infants and children? Or for fully developed adults?
For now, however, "if people want to take anything personal away from this, you likely can't go wrong by spending more time outside," Lang says.
https://www.nexusnewsfeed.com/article/climate-ecology/fat-cells-can-sense-sunlight-not-getting-enough-increases-metabolic-syndrome-risk/
Almost all life forms can detect and decode light information for adaptive advantage. Examples include the visual system, in which photoreceptor signals are processed into virtual images, and the circadian system, in which light entrains a physiological clock. Here we describe a light response pathway in mice that employs encephalopsin (OPN3, a 480 nm, blue-light-responsive opsin) to regulate the function of adipocytes. Germline null and adipocyte-specific conditional null mice show a light- and Opn3-dependent deficit in thermogenesis and become hypothermic upon cold exposure. We show that stimulating mouse adipocytes with blue light enhances the lipolysis response and, in particular, phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase. This response is Opn3 dependent. These data establish a key mechanism in which light-dependent, local regulation of the lipolysis response in white adipocytes regulates energy metabolism.
https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(19)31700-0?
EL) En continuité avec le point ci-dessus et le point AS dans https://billymeiertraductionsfr.blogspot.com/2018/04/confirmations-scientifiques-6.html
qui souligne la dangerosité des ondes dégagées par les téléphones, on remarquera que Quertzal (ou Billy Meier) "prédit" les problèmes que poseront les téléphones mobiles, notamment les accident provoqués par l'inattention, la dépendance à cette technologie et la production en masse de ces appareils.
Billy
That probably means that also the oscillations of electricity on humans and probably also on animals and plants, birds, fish and insects, etc. produce pathogenic effects. At the same time, I think of electromagnetic waves, as these come from power lines or electric lines as well as from electrical appliances and radio equipment as well as transmission towers for radio and television, etc. Is this meant by your reference to electricity?
Quetzal
18. That is correct.
19. In the coming time, however, the whole thing will still increase because the progress will bring with it that small, portable communication devices, which will then be called mobile devices or mobile phones and so on, will become mass-produced items for the Earth people; consequently, there will only be few who won’t then equip themselves with such devices, which will very often find only pointless uses.
20. The whole thing will cause a technological progress epidemic and will cost many human lives.
21. This, on the one hand, through the dangerous radiation emitted by the devices and, on the other hand, also because these devices will be used irresponsibly at every impossible and possible opportunity, like when driving cars, etc., by what means attention and control are weakened and fatal accidents, etc. are caused.
Billy
Damage is the price of unreasonableness. However, it will then surely be denied by the manufacturers of such mobile phones that these devices emit harmful radiations.
Quetzal
22. That will be the case for a long time because the responsible persons won’t want to let their business with such devices be ruined.
23. Therefore, they will let falsified analyses be produced by notable places with bribes, which should prove that the radiation of the devices is harmless.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_226
-------------------->
Ce contact daté de 1989 a été publié avec certitude en 2004 dans le livre Plejadisch-plejarische Kontakberichte, Gespräche, Block 5, 2 à 3 ans avant la mise en vente du premier Iphone :
Annoncé le 9 janvier 2007 au MacWorld de San Francisco1, il a été commercialisé à partir du 29 juin 2007 aux États-Unis, à partir de novembre 2007 au Royaume-Uni et en France et en juillet 2008 en Suisse.
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone_(1re_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration)
Les accidents causés par des smartphones augmentent
Comment faire face à une addiction, notamment lorsque celle-ci met en péril la vie d’innocents ? C’est la question que se pose Eric Lemaire. 1 accident sur 10 est désormais causé par l’utilisation du téléphone sur la route. Cette attirance envers son smartphone entraîne un comportement dangereux de la part des automobilistes. Le président d’AXA Prévention n’a d’ailleurs pas de mal à utiliser le terme de « fléau » lorsqu’il aborde le sujet du téléphone au volant.
Aujourd’hui, 46 % des Français répondent à un appel alors qu’ils conduisent, contre 22 % en 2004 et 25 % consultent et/ou répondent à des SMS sur la route. Enfin, plus de la moitié des automobilistes de l’hexagone utilisent des applications de navigation sur leur téléphone pour se guider sur la route. Et sans grande surprise, ce sont les 18-24 ans qui sont champions en la matière avec 83 % de conducteurs hyperconnectés.
L’addiction au téléphone
Depuis 15 ans, le téléphone portable a su se faire une place de choix dans nos vies. À tel point que certains utilisateurs sont même devenus nomophobes. Il s’agit d’une addiction à son téléphone, entraînant une réelle phobie d’en être séparé. Et ce comportement donne donc l’irrésistible envie de répondre aux appels ou aux messages lorsque le mobile sonne durant un trajet en voiture.
https://demarchesadministratives.fr/actualites/les-accidents-causes-par-le-telephone-portable-au-volant-en-hausse
Background and aims
The smartphone is one of the most popular devices, with the average smartphone usage at 162 min/day and the average length of phone usage at 15.79 hr/week. Although significant concerns have been made about the health effects of smartphone addiction, the relationship between smartphone addiction and accidents has rarely been studied. We examined the association between smartphone addiction and accidents among South Korean university students.
Discussion and conclusions
We suggest that smartphone addiction was significantly associated with total accident, falling/slipping, and bumps/collisions. This finding highlighted the need for increased awareness of the risk of accidents with smartphone addiction.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6034962/
EM) Billy Meier (ou Quetzal) parle de l'origine de la pomme (contact 230 daté de 1989, publié avant 2004) :
Billy
One more question about the Eve-Adam-apple: Semjase said that at the place where Adam was conceived there were no apples. Where do actually those originate that we have in Europe today?
Quetzal
88. The foreigners actually only revealed instructions and cognitions regarding how the still very primitive Earth-humans could build their own devices and primitive machines for their use by the simplest means and develop a special technique.
89. Concerning the apples:
90. In fact, there were no apples in the area where Adam was conceived.
91. Concerning the European apples; these originate from the area of Alma-Ata in the Soviet Union.
92. The primary ancestor form of the apples was the wild apple 'Malus sieversii', if I'm not mistaken.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_230
-------------------->
Pendant de nombreuses années, il y eut un débat sur les origines des cultivars du pommier domestique : étaient-ils issus d'hybrides de différentes espèces sauvages, ou d'autres espèces?
....
En 2002, les travaux génétiques de Barrie E. Juniper13, membre émérite du département de botanique de l'université d'Oxford, prouvent erronée la théorie soutenant que les pommiers domestiques seraient seulement issus d'hybrides de différentes espèces. Ses analyses incitent à pencher vers l'hypothèse que M. sieversii, toujours florissant au sud-est du Kazakhstan, soit l'origine principale voire unique pour la plupart des variétés de pommes que nous consommons aujourd'hui. L'analyse génétique de feuilles de pommiers de cette région a montré de nombreuses séquences d'ADN communes entre M. sieversii et M. pumila 6. Barrie Juniper considère même que M. pumila et M. sieversii ne sont qu'une seule et même espèce, M. pumila n'étant qu'une version génétiquement appauvrie de M. sieversii du fait d'une sorte de "consanguinité" liée à l'utilisation d'un petit nombre d'individus pour créer depuis 2 000 ans l'ensemble des variétés cultivées actuelles14. En effet, 64 %, des 439 variétés commerciales étudiées par Noiton et Alspach15 en 1996 utilisent depuis plus d'un siècle seulement cinq géniteurs (Mc Intosh (101 cultivars), Golden delicious (87 cultivars), Jonathan (74 cultivars), Red delicious (56 cultivars) ou Cox's Orange Pippin (59 cultivars), respectivement quatre américaines et une anglaise) ou leur descendance16.
En 2010, la description complète du génome de la pomme et la comparaison des gènes de toutes les espèces entre elles établit définitivement que les pommiers domestiques sont apparentés aux pommiers sauvages kazakhs, et effectivement distincts des espèces sauvages européennes et des autres espèces6.
En langue kazakhe, on nomme la pomme alma, terme que l'on retrouve dans le nom de l'ancienne capitale et principale ville du Kazakhstan : Almaty, qui signifie « riche en pommes » fut appelée, de 1921 à 1993, Alma-Ata, soit « grand-père des pommes ».
Richesse génétique et résistance aux maladies
Ces arbres sont depuis le début des années 1990 étudiés par l'United States Agricultural Research Service, dans l'espoir de trouver des informations génétiques permettant de développer de nouveaux cultivars de pommes répondant mieux aux maladies. Les espèces sauvages cohabitant au Kazakhstan montrent en effet une résistance inhabituelle aux infections6, notamment le feu bactérien et la tavelure17. Cette réponse face aux maladies est en elle-même une indication sûre que leur génome est bien plus riche que celui de leurs descendants domestiques6,18.
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malus_sieversii
La confirmation définitive n'a été donnée qu'en 2010 :
We report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica). We show that a relatively recent (>50 million years ago) genome-wide duplication (GWD) has resulted in the transition from nine ancestral chromosomes to 17 chromosomes in the Pyreae. Traces of older GWDs partly support the monophyly of the ancestral paleohexaploidy of eudicots. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Pyreae and the genus Malus, relative to major Rosaceae taxa, identified the progenitor of the cultivated apple as M. sieversii.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20802477
EN) Billy Meier a affirmé que Greta Thunberg souffrait d'une forme d'autisme :
However, what is now being done irresponsibly, is that an adolescent and unknowing child named Greta Thunberg is being shamefully abused to lead a worldwide 'FridaysForFuture' climate protection movement. This, despite the fact that this innocent child has no idea or knowledge whatsoever concerning the actual exterminative and destructive connections with respect to nature, fauna, flora and the planet as well as the climate etc. Moreover, the unknowing child, who in the meantime since her first appearance, has fallen into a delusion of self-elevation, is afflicted by a milder autism, as a result of which she has a weakness with regard to any social interaction and also in terms of communication. This child also suffers from further disorders in such a wise that she is steered by habits and customs and does not show any form/characteristic of deep feelings for others, as I could clearly diagnose. As a result of a delayed development of consciousness, she is also not able to perceive reality and its truth in a correct, intellectually and rationally clear wise, which is why she tends to indulge in individual factors of any matter in her thoughts, without being able to comprehend their fundamental factors in their reality. Hence, she cannot effectively empathise with her actions regarding her 'climate protest', just as she cannot do so due to the absence of the ability to perceive impulsations regarding any life forms of nature and with human beings. The child is also characterized by a severely inadequate social incapability, as well as sporadically also by an attention deficit, whereas she is nevertheless driven by a strong inner pathological compulsion with her climate protest activity.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_721
-------------------->
Then Greta sits there sorting the gnocchi. She turns each one over, presses on them and then does it again. And again. After 20 minutes she starts eating. She licks and sucks and chews: tiny, tiny bites. It takes for ever. “I’m full,” she says suddenly. “I can’t eat any more.” Svante and I avoid looking at each other. We have to hold back our frustration, because we’ve started to realise that this is the only thing that works. We’ve explored all other tactics. Every other conceivable way. We’ve ordered her sternly. We’ve screamed, laughed, threatened, begged, pleaded, cried and offered every imaginable bribe. But this seems to be what works the best. She devotes the whole Christmas break to telling us about unspeakably awful incidents Svante goes up to the sheet of paper on the wall and writes: Lunch: 5 gnocchi. Time: 2 hours and 10 minutes. Not eating can mean many things. The question is what. The question is why. Svante and I look for answers. I spend the evenings reading everything I can find on the internet about anorexia and eating disorders. We’re sure it’s not anorexia. But, we keep hearing that anorexia is a very cunning disorder and will do anything to evade discovery. So we keep that door wide open. I speak endlessly to the children’s psychiatry service (BUP), the healthcare information service, doctors, psychologists and every conceivable acquaintance who may be able to offer the least bit of knowledge or guidance. At Greta’s school there’s a psychologist who is experienced with autism. She talks with both of us on the phone and says that a careful investigation must still be conducted, but in her eyes – and off the record – Greta shows clear signs of being on the autism spectrum. “High-functioning Asperger’s,” she says. Meeting after meeting follows where we repeat our story and explore our options. We talk away while Greta sits silently. She has stopped speaking with anyone except me, Svante and Beata. Everyone really wants to offer all the help they can but it’s as if there’s no help to be had. Not yet, at least. We’re fumbling in the dark.
After two months of not eating Greta has lost almost 10kg, which is a lot when you are rather small to begin with. Her body temperature is low and her pulse and blood pressure clearly indicate signs of starvation. She no longer has the energy to take the stairs and her scores on the depression tests she takes are sky high. We explain to our daughter that we have to start preparing ourselves for a stay at the hospital, where it’s possible to get nutrition and food without eating, with tubes and drips. In mid-November there’s a big meeting at BUP. Greta sits silently. As usual. I’m crying. As usual. “If there are no developments after the weekend then we’ll have to admit you to the hospital,” the doctor says. On the stairs down to the lobby Greta turns round. “I want to start eating again.” All three of us burst into tears and we go home and Greta eats a whole green apple. But nothing more will go down. As it turns out, it’s a little harder than you think to just start eating again. We take a few careful, trial steps and it works. We inch forward. She eats tiny amounts of rice, avocado and bananas. We take our time. And we start on sertraline, an antidepressant. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/feb/23/great-thunberg-malena-ernman-our-house-is-on-fire-memoir-extract
EO) Billy Meier affirme que les Chinois ont découvert l'Amérique avant les Européens :
Quetzal
355. But that was not the case.
356. Besides, the Vikings were not the first to discover America from another continent.
357. In fact, under the command of Leif the Happy, the Vikings were only the first Europeans to discover America.
358. A long time before the Vikings, the ancient Chinese already sailed to America on various occasions, but they did not leave any great things behind, but traded with some Indian tribes.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_231
-------------------->
Did China discover AMERICA? Ancient Chinese script carved into rocks may prove Asians lived in New World 3,300 years ago
Author and researcher John Ruskamp claims to have found pictograms from the ancient Chinese Shang Dynasty etched into rocks in America
The symbols are carved into rocks in New Mexico, California and Arizona
He says the Chinese were exploring North America long before Europeans
He claims the symbols give details of journeys and honour the Shang king
The discovery of the Americas has for centuries been credited to the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus, but ancient markings carved into rocks around the US could require history to be rewritten.
Researchers have discovered ancient scripts that suggest Chinese explorers may have discovered America long before Europeans arrived there.
They have found pictograms etched into the rocks around the country that appear to belong of an ancient Chinese script.
They say could have been inscribed there alongside the carvings of Native Americans by Chinese explorers thousands of years ago.
John Ruskamp, a retired chemist and amateur epigraph researcher from Illinois, discovered the unusual markings while walking in the Petroglyph National Monument in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
He claims they indicate ancient people from Asia were present in the Americas around 1,300BC – nearly 2,800 years before Columbus's ships stumbled across the New World by reaching the Caribbean in 1492.
He said: 'These ancient Chinese writings in North America cannot be fake, for the markings are very old as are the style of the scripts.
'As such the findings of this scientific study confirm that ancient Chinese people were exploring and positively interacting with the Native peoples over 2,500 years ago.
'The pattern of the finds suggests more of an expedition than settlement.'
He claims to have identified 84 pictograms which match unique ancient Chinese sites in various locations around the US including New Mexico, California, Oklahoma, Utah, Arizona and Nevada.
He says many of these have been examined by experts on ancient Chinese scripts and they appear to forms of writing that went out of use thousands of years ago.
The pictograms he discovered on the rocks of Albuquerque appear to be an ancient script that was used by the Chinese after the end Shang Dynsasty.
Known as oracle bone pictograms, Mr Ruskamp claims the markings record a ritual sacrificial offering perhaps made to the 3rd Shang dynasty king Da Jia and also a divination of an 'auspicious' 10 day sacred period
...
He also points to DNA evidence which has suggested Native Americans and Asian populations share many genetic traits.
He said: 'For centuries, researchers have been debating if, in pre-Columbian times, meaningful exchanges between the indigenous peoples of Asia and the Americas might have taken place.
'Here is "rock solid" epigraphic proof that Asiatic explorers not only reached the Americas, but that they interacted positively with Native North American people, on multiple occasions, long before any European exploration of the continent.'
Encadré
Trade was taking place between East Asia and the New World hundreds of years before Christopher Columbus arrived in the area in 1492.
Archaeologists have made the suggestion following the discovery of a series of bronze artefacts found at the 'Rising Whale' site in Cape Espenberg, Alaska.
They found what they believe to be a bronze and leather buckle and a bronze whistle, dating to around A.D. 600.
Bronze-working had not been developed at this time in Alaska, and researchers instead believe the artefacts were created in China, Korea or Yakutia.
'We're seeing the interactions, indirect as they are, with these so-called "high civilisations" of China, Korea or Yakutia,' Owen Mason, a research associate at the University of Colorado.
Researchers believe those who lived at the Rising Whale site may be part of what scientists call the 'Birnirk' culture.
This is a group of people who lived on both sides of the Bering Strait and used skin boats and harpoons to hunt whales, LiveScience reports.
The latest discovery of bronze artefacts backs up earlier evidence for trade between Alaska and other civilisations prior to 1492.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3152556/Did-China-discover-AMERICA-Ancient-Chinese-script-carved-rocks-prove-Asians-lived-New-World-3-300-years-ago.html
Evidence of Pre-Columbus Trade Found in Alaska House
Bronze artifacts discovered in a 1,000-year-old house in Alaska suggest trade was occurring between East Asia and the New World centuries before the voyages of Columbus.
Archaeologists found the artifacts at the "Rising Whale" site at Cape Espenberg.
...
"We're seeing the interactions, indirect as they are, with these so-called 'high civilizations' of China, Korea or Yakutia," a region in Russia, Mason said.
...
Bronze and obsidian
The Rising Whale discoveries include two bronze artifacts, one of which may have originally been used as a buckle or fastener. It has a piece of leather on it thatradiocarbondates to around A.D. 600 (more tests will take place in the future). The other bronze artifact may have been used as a whistle.
Bronze-working had not been developed at this time in Alaska, so archaeologists think the artifacts would have been manufactured in China, Korea or Yakutia, and made their way to Alaska through trade routes.
Also inside that house, researchers found the remains of obsidian artifacts, which have a chemical signature that indicates the obsidian is from the Anadyr River valley in Russia.
Trade routes
The recent discoveries at the Rising Whale site add to over a century of research that indicates trade routes connected the Bering Strait (including the Alaskan side) with the civilizations that flourished in East Asia before Columbus' time. [Top 5 Misconceptions About Columbus]
...
Long before Columbus
The Bering Strait wasn't the only area where interactions between people from the Old World and New World occurred before Columbus' arrival. By 1,000 years ago, the Vikings had explored parts of Canada and had even established a short-lived settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.
Research also indicates that, around this time, the Polynesians had reached South America, bringing sweet potatoes back to Polynesia and possibly bringing chickens to South America.
Many other hypotheses have been put forward suggesting that people reached the New World before Columbus. One idea that has received a lot of attention in popular media is that Chinese mariners sailed directly to the New World, although this idea lacks scholarly support.
https://www.livescience.com/50506-artifacts-reveal-pre-columbus-trade.html
EN) Billy Meier a affirmé que Greta Thunberg souffrait d'une forme d'autisme :
However, what is now being done irresponsibly, is that an adolescent and unknowing child named Greta Thunberg is being shamefully abused to lead a worldwide 'FridaysForFuture' climate protection movement. This, despite the fact that this innocent child has no idea or knowledge whatsoever concerning the actual exterminative and destructive connections with respect to nature, fauna, flora and the planet as well as the climate etc. Moreover, the unknowing child, who in the meantime since her first appearance, has fallen into a delusion of self-elevation, is afflicted by a milder autism, as a result of which she has a weakness with regard to any social interaction and also in terms of communication. This child also suffers from further disorders in such a wise that she is steered by habits and customs and does not show any form/characteristic of deep feelings for others, as I could clearly diagnose. As a result of a delayed development of consciousness, she is also not able to perceive reality and its truth in a correct, intellectually and rationally clear wise, which is why she tends to indulge in individual factors of any matter in her thoughts, without being able to comprehend their fundamental factors in their reality. Hence, she cannot effectively empathise with her actions regarding her 'climate protest', just as she cannot do so due to the absence of the ability to perceive impulsations regarding any life forms of nature and with human beings. The child is also characterized by a severely inadequate social incapability, as well as sporadically also by an attention deficit, whereas she is nevertheless driven by a strong inner pathological compulsion with her climate protest activity.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_721
-------------------->
After two months of not eating Greta has lost almost 10kg, which is a lot when you are rather small to begin with. Her body temperature is low and her pulse and blood pressure clearly indicate signs of starvation. She no longer has the energy to take the stairs and her scores on the depression tests she takes are sky high. We explain to our daughter that we have to start preparing ourselves for a stay at the hospital, where it’s possible to get nutrition and food without eating, with tubes and drips. In mid-November there’s a big meeting at BUP. Greta sits silently. As usual. I’m crying. As usual. “If there are no developments after the weekend then we’ll have to admit you to the hospital,” the doctor says. On the stairs down to the lobby Greta turns round. “I want to start eating again.” All three of us burst into tears and we go home and Greta eats a whole green apple. But nothing more will go down. As it turns out, it’s a little harder than you think to just start eating again. We take a few careful, trial steps and it works. We inch forward. She eats tiny amounts of rice, avocado and bananas. We take our time. And we start on sertraline, an antidepressant. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/feb/23/great-thunberg-malena-ernman-our-house-is-on-fire-memoir-extract
EO) Billy Meier affirme que les Chinois ont découvert l'Amérique avant les Européens :
Quetzal
355. But that was not the case.
356. Besides, the Vikings were not the first to discover America from another continent.
357. In fact, under the command of Leif the Happy, the Vikings were only the first Europeans to discover America.
358. A long time before the Vikings, the ancient Chinese already sailed to America on various occasions, but they did not leave any great things behind, but traded with some Indian tribes.
http://www.futureofmankind.co.uk/Billy_Meier/Contact_Report_231
-------------------->
Author and researcher John Ruskamp claims to have found pictograms from the ancient Chinese Shang Dynasty etched into rocks in America
The symbols are carved into rocks in New Mexico, California and Arizona
He says the Chinese were exploring North America long before Europeans
He claims the symbols give details of journeys and honour the Shang king
The discovery of the Americas has for centuries been credited to the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus, but ancient markings carved into rocks around the US could require history to be rewritten.
Researchers have discovered ancient scripts that suggest Chinese explorers may have discovered America long before Europeans arrived there.
They have found pictograms etched into the rocks around the country that appear to belong of an ancient Chinese script.
They say could have been inscribed there alongside the carvings of Native Americans by Chinese explorers thousands of years ago.
John Ruskamp, a retired chemist and amateur epigraph researcher from Illinois, discovered the unusual markings while walking in the Petroglyph National Monument in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
He claims they indicate ancient people from Asia were present in the Americas around 1,300BC – nearly 2,800 years before Columbus's ships stumbled across the New World by reaching the Caribbean in 1492.
He said: 'These ancient Chinese writings in North America cannot be fake, for the markings are very old as are the style of the scripts.
'As such the findings of this scientific study confirm that ancient Chinese people were exploring and positively interacting with the Native peoples over 2,500 years ago.
'The pattern of the finds suggests more of an expedition than settlement.'
He claims to have identified 84 pictograms which match unique ancient Chinese sites in various locations around the US including New Mexico, California, Oklahoma, Utah, Arizona and Nevada.
He says many of these have been examined by experts on ancient Chinese scripts and they appear to forms of writing that went out of use thousands of years ago.
The pictograms he discovered on the rocks of Albuquerque appear to be an ancient script that was used by the Chinese after the end Shang Dynsasty.
Known as oracle bone pictograms, Mr Ruskamp claims the markings record a ritual sacrificial offering perhaps made to the 3rd Shang dynasty king Da Jia and also a divination of an 'auspicious' 10 day sacred period
...
He also points to DNA evidence which has suggested Native Americans and Asian populations share many genetic traits.
He said: 'For centuries, researchers have been debating if, in pre-Columbian times, meaningful exchanges between the indigenous peoples of Asia and the Americas might have taken place.
'Here is "rock solid" epigraphic proof that Asiatic explorers not only reached the Americas, but that they interacted positively with Native North American people, on multiple occasions, long before any European exploration of the continent.'
Encadré
Trade was taking place between East Asia and the New World hundreds of years before Christopher Columbus arrived in the area in 1492.
Archaeologists have made the suggestion following the discovery of a series of bronze artefacts found at the 'Rising Whale' site in Cape Espenberg, Alaska.
They found what they believe to be a bronze and leather buckle and a bronze whistle, dating to around A.D. 600.
Bronze-working had not been developed at this time in Alaska, and researchers instead believe the artefacts were created in China, Korea or Yakutia.
'We're seeing the interactions, indirect as they are, with these so-called "high civilisations" of China, Korea or Yakutia,' Owen Mason, a research associate at the University of Colorado.
Researchers believe those who lived at the Rising Whale site may be part of what scientists call the 'Birnirk' culture.
This is a group of people who lived on both sides of the Bering Strait and used skin boats and harpoons to hunt whales, LiveScience reports.
The latest discovery of bronze artefacts backs up earlier evidence for trade between Alaska and other civilisations prior to 1492.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3152556/Did-China-discover-AMERICA-Ancient-Chinese-script-carved-rocks-prove-Asians-lived-New-World-3-300-years-ago.html
Evidence of Pre-Columbus Trade Found in Alaska House
Bronze artifacts discovered in a 1,000-year-old house in Alaska suggest trade was occurring between East Asia and the New World centuries before the voyages of Columbus.
Archaeologists found the artifacts at the "Rising Whale" site at Cape Espenberg.
...
"We're seeing the interactions, indirect as they are, with these so-called 'high civilizations' of China, Korea or Yakutia," a region in Russia, Mason said.
...
Bronze and obsidian
The Rising Whale discoveries include two bronze artifacts, one of which may have originally been used as a buckle or fastener. It has a piece of leather on it thatradiocarbondates to around A.D. 600 (more tests will take place in the future). The other bronze artifact may have been used as a whistle.
Bronze-working had not been developed at this time in Alaska, so archaeologists think the artifacts would have been manufactured in China, Korea or Yakutia, and made their way to Alaska through trade routes.
Also inside that house, researchers found the remains of obsidian artifacts, which have a chemical signature that indicates the obsidian is from the Anadyr River valley in Russia.
Trade routes
The recent discoveries at the Rising Whale site add to over a century of research that indicates trade routes connected the Bering Strait (including the Alaskan side) with the civilizations that flourished in East Asia before Columbus' time. [Top 5 Misconceptions About Columbus]
...
Long before Columbus
The Bering Strait wasn't the only area where interactions between people from the Old World and New World occurred before Columbus' arrival. By 1,000 years ago, the Vikings had explored parts of Canada and had even established a short-lived settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.
Research also indicates that, around this time, the Polynesians had reached South America, bringing sweet potatoes back to Polynesia and possibly bringing chickens to South America.
Many other hypotheses have been put forward suggesting that people reached the New World before Columbus. One idea that has received a lot of attention in popular media is that Chinese mariners sailed directly to the New World, although this idea lacks scholarly support.
https://www.livescience.com/50506-artifacts-reveal-pre-columbus-trade.html